Effects of Crocodile Chemistry Lab–Assisted Problem-Based Learning on Students’ Problem-Solving Ability and Scientific Attitude in Thermochemistry

Danang Priyadi, Suwardi Suwardi

Abstract

Developing students’ problem-solving ability and scientific attitude remains a challenge in chemistry education, particularly in thermochemistry, which requires conceptual reasoning and scientific inquiry. Although Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and virtual laboratory simulations have demonstrated potential benefits, their integration to support both cognitive and affective outcomes requires further investigation. This study examined the effect of Crocodile Chemistry Lab–assisted PBL on students’ problem-solving ability and scientific attitude in thermochemistry learning. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was conducted involving 144 eleventh-grade science students at a public senior high school in Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia, during the 2025/2026 academic year. The experimental group received PBL instruction assisted by Crocodile Chemistry Lab simulations, while the control group was taught using the scientific approach (5M). Data were collected using an essay-based problem-solving test and a Likert-scale scientific attitude questionnaire validated through expert judgment and Rasch model analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed a significant difference between groups, with the experimental group achieving higher scores in both outcomes. However, the effect sizes were small, with partial eta squared values of 0.037 for problem-solving ability, 0.057 for scientific attitude, and 0.076 for the overall effect. These findings indicate that Crocodile Chemistry Lab–assisted PBL provides a statistically significant but modest contribution to supporting cognitive and affective outcomes in chemistry learning.

Keywords

Crocodile Chemistry Lab; Problem-Based Learning; Problem-Solving Skills; Scientific Attitude; Thermochemistry

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v11i2.108664

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