JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes that errors, omissions, or concerns regarding research integrity may be identified after an article has been published. When such issues arise, JKPK is responsible for evaluating their scientific significance and determining appropriate editorial actions to ensure that published research remains accurate, trustworthy, and appropriately documented.

This policy establishes the principles and procedures governing corrections, addenda, expressions of concern, retractions, and exceptional removal of published content. It applies to all research articles published in JKPK and is informed by internationally recognized publication ethics standards, particularly the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and its Retraction Guidelines. The primary purpose of post-publication corrective actions is to preserve the integrity of the scientific literature rather than to impose disciplinary sanctions on authors or other individuals.

Principles of Correction and Retraction

JKPK implements post-publication corrective actions in accordance with the principles of scientific integrity, editorial independence, transparency, fairness, and accountability. All concerns regarding published articles are evaluated based on their scientific significance, supporting evidence, and potential implications for the reliability of the research findings. Editorial decisions are determined by the nature and severity of the identified issues rather than by the identity, academic position, or institutional affiliation of the individuals involved.

The journal distinguishes between minor errors that do not materially affect scientific interpretation, substantive errors requiring formal correction, unresolved concerns warranting an expression of concern, and serious problems that undermine the reliability of published findings and may require retraction. Authors are given a reasonable opportunity to provide clarification or supporting evidence, while the editorial team retains responsibility for determining appropriate actions concerning the published record. All formal corrective actions must be documented transparently and made accessible to readers.

Scope of Correction and Retraction

This policy applies to all original research articles published in JKPK, including research in chemistry and chemistry education. Post-publication corrective actions may be considered when errors, omissions, inconsistencies, or research integrity concerns are identified in published articles, including their scientific content, methodological descriptions, research data, analytical procedures, figures, tables, authorship information, or other publication metadata.

Concerns may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, research institutions, or other parties who identify potentially significant issues in published research. The editorial team will assess whether the matter requires clarification, correction, additional information, further investigation, or retraction. The appropriate response will depend on the extent to which the issue affects the accuracy, interpretation, reproducibility, or overall reliability of the published article.

Types of Post-Publication Editorial Actions

Depending on the nature and severity of the issues identified, JKPK may implement the following editorial actions:

1. Correction: A formal notice addressing identifiable errors or omissions in a published article when the principal research findings and conclusions remain substantially reliable. Corrections may concern scientific content, data presentation, calculations, methodological descriptions, authorship information, or publication metadata.
2. Addendum: A supplementary statement providing significant additional information or clarification necessary for a more complete understanding of an already published article. An addendum does not replace the original research findings and must be scientifically justified.
3. Expression of Concern: An editorial notice informing readers of credible and serious concerns regarding the reliability or integrity of a published article when the available evidence remains inconclusive or an investigation has not been completed.
4. Retraction: A formal statement indicating that a published article contains substantially unreliable findings or is affected by serious research or publication integrity problems that justify withdrawing confidence in the publication.
5. Article Removal: An exceptional measure involving the removal or restriction of published content when continued public availability would violate applicable legal requirements, compromise protected information, or present other serious risks that cannot be adequately addressed through ordinary corrective measures.

Each editorial action must be proportionate to the issues identified and implemented in accordance with applicable publication ethics guidelines.

Corrections to Published Articles

JKPK may issue a formal correction when errors or omissions are identified after publication but do not substantially invalidate the principal findings or conclusions of the article. Corrections may be necessary when inaccuracies affect the clarity, completeness, interpretation, or appropriate attribution of the published research. Such errors may include incorrect numerical values, mislabeled figures or tables, calculation errors, incomplete methodological descriptions, inaccurate author information, or other relevant reporting inaccuracies.

Corrections may originate from mistakes made by the authors or errors introduced during editorial processing, formatting, or production. Where appropriate, JKPK may distinguish between an Author Correction, commonly referred to as a corrigendum, and a Publisher Correction, commonly referred to as an erratum. Regardless of terminology, the correction notice must clearly identify the original error, provide the accurate information, and explain any relevant implications for the scientific interpretation of the article.

Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect scientific meaning, attribution, or the reliability of the publication may be addressed through routine editorial adjustments where appropriate. Substantive corrections must be documented through a formal notice that remains publicly accessible and is linked to the original article. Corrections must not be used to conceal errors or make undisclosed changes to published research.

Addenda and Additional Information

An addendum may be issued when significant additional information becomes available after publication and is necessary to clarify or supplement the original article. Such information may include relevant methodological details, supplementary explanations, additional documentation, or other scientifically important information that improves readers' understanding of the published research without fundamentally altering its principal findings.

Requests for an addendum will be evaluated by the editorial team to determine whether the proposed information is scientifically relevant, sufficiently supported, and appropriate for inclusion in the existing publication record. An addendum must not be used to introduce an entirely new research study, substantially replace the original findings, or circumvent the journal's normal submission and peer-review procedures. When approved, the addendum will be published as an identifiable notice and linked to the original article where technically feasible.

Expressions of Concern

JKPK may issue an expression of concern when credible and serious questions arise regarding the reliability, validity, or ethical integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to support a definitive correction or retraction decision. An expression of concern may be appropriate when an investigation is ongoing, relevant supporting information cannot be obtained within a reasonable period, or conflicting evidence prevents the editorial team from reaching a conclusive determination.

Before issuing an expression of concern, the editorial team will consider the significance of the issues raised, the credibility of the available evidence, and the potential consequences of leaving readers unaware of unresolved concerns. Where appropriate, the authors and relevant institutions may be contacted for clarification. An expression of concern must describe the nature of the unresolved issues without prematurely attributing misconduct or determining that the research findings are invalid.

An expression of concern may be followed by a correction, retraction, or further editorial statement when additional evidence becomes available. If the concerns are satisfactorily resolved, the journal will provide an appropriate public update to clarify the outcome while preserving the transparency of the publication history.

Grounds for Retraction

Retraction may be considered when reliable evidence demonstrates that the content, findings, or conclusions of a published article are substantially unreliable or when serious violations of research and publication integrity justify such action. Circumstances that may warrant retraction include, but are not limited to:

1. Unreliable Research Findings: Substantial errors in research design, experimental procedures, statistical analyses, computational methods, or data interpretation that materially undermine the validity of the findings or conclusions.
2. Data Fabrication or Falsification: Evidence that research data, observations, experimental results, or other scientific information have been fabricated, falsified, or deliberately misrepresented.
3. Inappropriate Data or Image Manipulation: Manipulation of figures, images, analytical results, or supporting data in a manner that materially misrepresents the research findings.
4. Plagiarism: Substantial unauthorized use of another researcher's ideas, text, data, or findings without appropriate acknowledgment or permission.
5. Duplicate or Redundant Publication: Publication of substantially overlapping research findings that have already been published elsewhere without appropriate disclosure, attribution, permission, or scientific justification.
6. Research Ethics Violations: Serious violations of applicable ethical requirements, including failures concerning informed consent, participant protection, research authorization, or other ethical obligations that materially compromise the integrity of the research.
7. Manipulation of the Publication Process: Evidence of compromised peer review, fraudulent identities, systematic publication manipulation, or other serious irregularities that undermine confidence in the published article.
8. Other Serious Publication Integrity Concerns: Undisclosed conflicts of interest, unauthorized use of research materials or data, or other significant circumstances that materially compromise the reliability or integrity of the publication.

Retraction may be warranted when substantial unreliability results from honest scientific error as well as from research or publication misconduct. The journal recognizes that the purpose of retraction is to correct the scholarly record, not necessarily to establish misconduct or individual culpability. Authorship disputes or minor errors that do not undermine the reliability of the article will not ordinarily justify retraction when an appropriate correction or other editorial action can adequately resolve the issue.

Retraction Procedures

When a potential reason for retraction is identified, the Editor-in-Chief or designated editorial team will conduct a preliminary assessment of the concerns and available supporting evidence. The journal may request original research data, methodological explanations, relevant documentation, or other information necessary to evaluate the reliability of the published findings. Authors will ordinarily be informed of the concerns and provided with a reasonable opportunity to respond.

Where necessary, the editorial team may consult independent scientific experts, relevant research institutions, or other appropriate parties to obtain additional evidence or clarification. Concerns involving suspected misconduct will be handled in accordance with JKPK's Allegations of Research Misconduct policy. The journal may take appropriate editorial action based on sufficiently reliable evidence without necessarily awaiting the completion of a separate institutional investigation when the published record requires correction.

The decision to retract an article rests with the Editor-in-Chief or an appropriate independent editor when a conflict of interest exists, following consideration of the available evidence and applicable publication ethics guidance. Authors will be informed of the decision and, where appropriate, their agreement or disagreement may be recorded. The absence of unanimous author agreement does not prevent retraction when the evidence adequately establishes that the publication meets the relevant criteria.

Publication of Correction and Retraction Notices

All formal correction and retraction notices must be clearly identified, publicly accessible, and appropriately associated with the original published article. Notices should provide sufficient information to enable readers to understand the nature of the identified problem, the editorial action taken, and its implications for the reliability or interpretation of the research.

A correction notice must identify the original article, describe the error or omission, provide the corrected information, and explain whether the correction affects the interpretation of the findings. A retraction notice must clearly identify the affected article, state the reason for retraction, and indicate the responsible editorial authority. Where appropriate, the notice should distinguish between circumstances involving honest error and those involving established research or publication misconduct.

Retraction notices must be issued promptly once sufficient evidence justifies the decision and should remain freely accessible to readers. Original articles will ordinarily remain available in the journal's archives but must be clearly identified as retracted. Where technically feasible, correction and retraction notices will be linked to the original publication, and relevant article metadata or DOI records will be updated to reflect the change.

Preservation of the Scholarly Record

JKPK is committed to preserving a transparent and traceable scholarly record. Published articles will not ordinarily be deleted or silently replaced following the identification of errors or research integrity concerns. Instead, relevant changes will be documented through identifiable editorial notices that allow readers to understand the publication's correction or retraction history.

When substantial corrections affect published data, figures, tables, or scientific interpretations, the journal will ensure that the correction is adequately documented and that the relationship between the original and corrected information remains clear. Where revised article files are provided, the modifications must be transparently identified rather than introduced without notice.

The journal will seek to maintain appropriate links between the original publication and subsequent editorial notices. Relevant publication metadata will be updated where supported by the journal's publishing infrastructure and applicable DOI registration services, consistent with recognized scholarly publishing practices.

Exceptional Removal of Published Content

The removal of published articles from the journal's online platform is considered an exceptional measure and is not a routine alternative to correction or retraction. JKPK may consider removal when continued public availability of the content would violate legal requirements, infringe protected rights, disclose highly sensitive personal information, or create serious and immediate risks that cannot be adequately addressed through other editorial measures.

Decisions concerning content removal will be evaluated by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the publisher and other appropriate parties, taking into account the relevant legal, ethical, and scientific circumstances. Where legally permissible and technically feasible, the journal will retain the article's bibliographic information and publish an explanatory notice indicating that the content has been removed and providing an appropriate reason for the action.

Removal must not be used merely to conceal scientific errors, eliminate evidence of research misconduct, or avoid legitimate scholarly scrutiny.

Reporting Errors and Requests for Corrective Action

Authors, readers, reviewers, research institutions, and other concerned parties may report significant errors or research integrity concerns affecting published articles to the JKPK Editorial Office at jkpk@fkip.uns.ac.id. Reports should identify the relevant article, including its title, authors, publication details, and DOI or permanent URL, and clearly explain the issue requiring editorial consideration. Where available, reports should include supporting scientific evidence, relevant references, or other documentation necessary for an appropriate assessment.

Authors who discover significant errors in their own published research have a responsibility to promptly notify the editorial office and cooperate in determining appropriate corrective measures. The journal will evaluate all credible reports impartially and may request additional information before deciding whether a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other action is necessary.

Concerns raised through post-publication scholarly discussion may also result in corrective editorial action where warranted. Such matters will be considered in conjunction with JKPK's Post-Publication Discussion and other relevant publication ethics policies.

Editorial Responsibility, Fairness, and Appeals

The Editor-in-Chief and designated editorial team are responsible for evaluating requests for correction or retraction, coordinating relevant assessments, communicating with authors and institutions, and determining appropriate actions concerning the published record. Editorial decisions will be guided by scientific evidence, proportionality, procedural fairness, editorial independence, and recognized publication ethics standards.

Where concerns involve an editor or another individual whose participation could compromise impartiality, responsibility for handling the matter will be assigned to an appropriate alternative editor or independent party. Authors and other concerned parties will be given a reasonable opportunity to present relevant explanations and supporting information before substantive editorial decisions are finalized.

Authors may request reconsideration of a corrective editorial decision when substantial new evidence becomes available or when a significant procedural error may have affected the original decision. Such requests should be submitted in writing to the editorial office and supported by relevant documentation. The journal may seek independent advice when necessary to ensure fair consideration.

Policy Review and Commitment to Publication Integrity

JKPK is committed to periodically reviewing and updating its correction and retraction procedures in accordance with developments in scholarly publishing, research integrity standards, and international publication ethics guidance. The journal will consider relevant recommendations from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and evolving best practices concerning corrections, expressions of concern, retractions, and preservation of the scholarly record.

Through this policy, JKPK seeks to ensure that published research remains subject to appropriate scientific scrutiny, significant errors are addressed transparently, and readers are provided with reliable information regarding the status and integrity of articles published in the journal.