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Study of BOD, COD and TSS Removal in Batik Industry Wastewater using Electrocoagulation Method
Abstract
Central Java, especially Pekalongan, is one of the largest batik centres with a high amount of batik waste and has the potential to pollute the environment. Wastewater treatment using the electrocoagulation method as an alternative to environmental pollution prevention in Pekalongan Regency. This study determined the effect of stress and resistance time on decreasing COD, BOD and TSS levels in batik wastewater. The analysis performed on the samples included BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (total suspended solids), and pH. Voltage variations of 12, 24, and 30 volts and holding times of 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes were applied. A pair of aluminium metals (Al-Al) was used with a thickness of 0.1 cm, an area of 12x14 cm, and a volume of 2500 ml. The results showed that the voltage and contact time decreased the amount of COD, BOD and TSS. In addition, the results showed that the electrocoagulation method at a voltage of 30 volts and a contact time of 180 minutes could reduce COD levels by 75.78%, TSS levels by 93.9%, and BOD levels by 83.75%.
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[1] M. Zammi, A. Rahmawati, and R. R. Nirwana “Analisis Dampak Limbah Buangan Limbah Pabrik Batik di Sungai Simbangkulon Kab. Pekalonganâ€, Walisongo J. Chem., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 2018. DOI:10.21580/wjc.v2i1.2667 [2] V. G. V. Putra, J. N. Mohamad and Y. Yusuf, “Penerapan Gelombang Plasma Dalam Mengurangi Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Pada Limbah Batik Melalui Corona Plasma Dan Elektrokoagulasi Dengan Metode Variasiâ€, J. Ilmu Fisika (JIF), vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 60–69, 2020. DOI:10.25077/jif.12.2.60-69.2020
[3] B. V. Tangahu and A. P. Putri, “The Degradation of BOD and COD of Batik Industry Wastewater Using Egeria Densa and Salvinia Molestaâ€, J. Sains dan Tek. Ling., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 82-91, 2017.
DOI: 10.20885/jstl.vol9.iss2.art2
[4] H. R. Rashidi, N. M. N. Sulaiman, N. A. Hashim, “Batik Industry Synthetic Wastewater Treatment Using Nanofiltration Membraneâ€, Procc. Engie., vol. 44, pp. 2010-2012, 2012.
DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.025
[5] B. V. Tangahu, D. A. Ningsih, S. B. Kurniawan, M. F. Imron, “Study of BOD and COD Removal in Batik Wastewater using Scirpus grossus and Iris pseudacorus with Intermittent Exposure Systemâ€, J. Ecol. Eng., vol. 20(5), pp. 130-134, 2019.
[6] M. W. Kurniawan, P. Purwanto, and S. Sudarso, “Stratergi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Sentra UMKM Batik yang Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Sukoharjoâ€, J. Ilmu Ling., vol. 11(2), pp. 62–72, 2013.
[7] N. M. Daud, S. R. S. Abdullah, H. A. Hasan, N. I. Ismail, Y. Dhokhikah, “Integrated Physical-Biological Treatment System for Batik Industry Wastewater: A Review on Process Selectionâ€, Scie. Total environment, vol. 819(152931), 2022.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152931
[8] R. Bouchareb, K. Derbal, Y. Ozay, Z. Bilici, and N. Dizge, “Combined Natural/Chemical Coagulation and Membrane Filtration For Wood Processing Wastewater Treatmentâ€, J. Water Proc. Enginee., vol. 37(101521), 2020.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101521
[9] Z. Zeng, P. Zheng, D. Kang, Y. Li, W. Li, D. Xu, W.Chen, and C. Pan, “The Removal of Copper and Zinc from Swine Wastewater by Anaerobic Biological-Chemical Process: Performance and Mechanismâ€, J. Hazardous Mater., vol. 401(123767), 2021.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123767
[10] Y. G. Asfaha, F. Zewge, T. Yohannes, and S. Kebede, “Application of Hybrid Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation Process for Treatment of Wastewater from the Cotton Textile Industryâ€, Chemosphere, vol. 302(134706), 2022.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134706
[11] M. Shen, Y. Zhang, E. Almatrafi, T. Hu, C. Zhou, B. Song, Z. Zeng, and G. Zeng, “Efficient Removal of Microplastics from Wastewater by an Electrocoagulation Processâ€, Chem. Enginee. J., vol. 428(131161), 2022.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131161
[12] E. C. Guven, “Advanced Treatment of Dye Manufacturing Wastewater by Electrocoagulation and Electro-Fenton Processes: Effect on COD Fractions, Energy Consumption, and Sludge Analysisâ€, J. Environmental Management, vol. 300(113784), 2021.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113784
[13] A. Dimoglo, P. S. Elibol, O. Dinç, K. Gokmen, and H. Erdogan, “Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation as A Combined Process for the Laundry Wastewater Purification and Reuseâ€, J. Water Process Enginee., vol. 31(100877), 2019.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100877
[14] K. Govindan,A. Angelin, M. Kalpana,M. Rangarajan, P. Shankar, and A. Jang, “Electrocoagulants Characteristics and Application of Electrocoagulation for Micropollutant Removal and Transformation Mechanismâ€, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 12, pp. 1775−1788,2020.
[15] O. Sahu, B. Mazumdar, and P. K. Chaudhari, “Treatment of Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: A Reviewâ€, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, vol. 21, pp. 2397–2413, 2014.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2208-6
[16] M.A Sandoval, R. Fuentes, J.L. Nava, and I. RodriÌguez, “Fluoride Removal From Drinking Water By Electrocoagulation In A Continuous Filter Press Reactor Coupled To A Floccula- Tor And Clarifierâ€, Sep. Purif. Technol. Vol. 134, pp. 163–170, 2014.
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.034
[17] N. K. Shammas, M. F. Pouet, and A. Grasmick, “Wastewater Treatment by Electrocoagulation–Flotationâ€, Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol. 12, pp. 199–220, 2010.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2_6
[18] J. N. Hakizimana, B. Gourich, M. Chafi, Y. Stiriba, C. Vial, P. Drogui, and J. Naja, “Electrocoagulation Process in Water Treatment: A Review of Electrocoagulation Modeling Approachesâ€, Desalination, vol. 404, pp. 1–21, 2017.
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