Email this article 
Inventarisasi Penyakit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varietas Lokananta Asal Biji (True Shallot Seed)
Abstract
One of the limiting factors in the cultivation of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is the attack of pathogens that can reduce the yield of shallots. The use of seed-origin shallots (true shallot seed) of the Lokananta variety for the production of shallot bulbs has not been widely practiced in Indonesia, so information on the types of diseases that attack has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the symptoms and signs of the disease, as well as to determine the types of pathogens in the Lokananta variety shallots. The study was conducted using a survey method. The survey locations were shown in Sleman and Bantul Regencies, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Disease inventory was carried out by directly observing symptoms of pathogen attack on leaves, tubers and plant roots randomly on each onion plant. The isolation stage and macroscopic characteristics were performed in the laboratory. The results showed that there were two main types of diseases on shallots of the Lokananta variety, namely moler's disease caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. and anthracnose (leaf rot) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Typical symptoms of moler are yellowing leaves that tend to curl, twist (twisted), plants wilt and droop, and tubers rot. The early symptoms of anthracnose are oval to round white spots on the leaves and a depression is formed. Further symptoms are the leaves will break and droop, and blackish conidia colonies are formed. The isolation results of the Lokananta variety of shallots obtained two isolates of Fusarium sp. and one fungal isolate, C. gloeosporioides. The macroscopic characteristics are seen below the surface of two petri dishes of Fusarium sp. and one isolate of C. gloeosporioides as purple, orange and gray, respectively. This study confirmed the type of disease in the Lokananta variety of shallots as basic information in determining the right way of controlling the disease.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adiyoga, W., Laksanawati, A., Soetiarso, T. A., & Hidayat, A. (2001). Persepsi petani terhadap status dan prospek penggunaan SeMNPV pada usahatani bawang merah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 11(1), 58–70. Tersedia dari https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Persepsi+Petani+terhadap+Status+dan+Prospek+Penggunaan+SeMNPV+pada+Usahatani+Bawang+Merah&btnG=
Akhsan, N., Ningsih, D. R., & Sofian. (2021). Potensi jamur endofit pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) mengendalikan jamur Allternaria porii (Eii. Cif.): Studi kasus Desa Bendang Raya. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 4(1), 67–74. Tersedia dari http://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/agro/article/view/5799
Alberto, R. T. (2014). Pathological and biochemical changes in Allium cepa L. (bulb onions) infected with anthracnose-twister disease. Plant Pathology & Quarantine, 4(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/4/1/4
Amanda, N., Mukarlina, & Rahmawati. (2017). Inventarisasi jamur yang diisolasi dari daun mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) bergejala sakit di Desa Rasau Jaya, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Protobiont, 6(3), 222–227. Tersedia dari https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jprb/article/view/22480
Bambang, H. I., & Khusnul, M. (2014). Effectiveness of resistance and biopesticide induction on cercospora and anthracnose leaves in chili (Capsicum annum L.). Planta Tropika Journal of Agro Science, 2(2), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.2014.030.106-114
Barnett, H. L., & Hunter, B. B. (1998). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi 4th ed. Minnesota, USA: The American Phytopathological Society. Tersedia dari https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Illustrated+Genera+of+Imperfect+Fungi%2C4th+ed+Barnett&btnG=
Djamaluddin, R. R., Sukmawaty, E., Masriany, & Hafsan. (2022). Identifikasi gejala penyakit dan cendawan patogen tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascolonicum) di Kecamatan Buntu Batu Kabupaten Enrekang. Teknosains: Media Informasi Sains dan Teknologi, 16(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.24252/teknosains.v16i1.26027
Dutta, R., Jayalakshmi K., Nadig, S. M., Manjunathagowda, D. C., Gurav, V. S., & Singh, M. (2022). Anthracnose of onion (Allium cepa L.): A twister disease. Pathogens, 11(8), 884 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080884
Ebenebe, A. C. (1980). Onion twister disease caused by Glomerella cingulata in Northern Nigeria. Plant Disease, 64(11), 1030–1032. Tersedia dari https://worldveg.tind.io/record/10869/
Elshyana, I. S., Lukiwati, D. R., & Karno. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan true shallot seed beberapa varietas bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap aplikasi giberelin. Journal of Agro Complex, 3(3),114–123. https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.3.3.114-123
Galvan, G. A., Wietsma, W. A., Putrasemedja, S., Permadi, A. H., & Kik, C. (1997). Screening for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides Penz.) in Allium cepa and its wild relatives. Euphytica, 95, 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002914225154
Gautam, A. K. (2014). Colletotrichum gloeosporoides: Biology, pathogenicity and managemet in India. Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology, 2(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000125
Hasanuddin & Rosmayati. (2013). Karakteristik morfologi isolat Fusarium penyebab penyakit busuk umbi bawang merah. Seminar Nasional “Peranan Teknologi dan Kelembagaan Pertanian dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Pertanian yang Tangguh dan Berkelanjutan”. Pekan Baru: Universitas Riau. Tersedia dari https://repository.unri.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7407/1/3%20Hasanuddin.pdf
Hadisutrisno, B. (1999). Peranan faktor lingkungan terhadap penyakit antraknos pada bawang merah. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 5(1), 20–23. Tersedia dari https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jpti/article/view/9958
Hasanuddin, Bakti, D., & Sarifuddin. (2021). Virulence test of Fusarium isolates against local shallot accessions in the highlands of Karo Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 782, 042071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/4/042071
Hekmawati, Poromarto, S. H., & Widono, S. (2018). Resistensi beberapa varietas bawang merah terhadap Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Agrosains, 20(2), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v20i2.26342
Herlina, L., Istiaji, B., & Wiyono, S. (2021). The causal agent of Fusarium disease infested shallots in Java Islands of Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 232, 03003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123203003
Hidayat, I. M., & Sulastrini, I. (2016). Screening for tolerance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) genotypes. Acta Horticulturae, 1127, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1127.16
Ibrahim, R., Hidayat, S. H., & Widodo. (2017). Keragaman morfologi, genetika, dan patogenisitas Colletotrichum acutatum penyebab antraknosa cabai di Jawa dan Sumatera. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 13(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.13.1.9
Ingle, A. P. (2017). Diversity and identity of Fusarium species occurring on fruits, vegetables and food grains. Nusantara Bioscience, 9(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.13057/usbiosci/n090108
Irfandri, Ali, M., & Khavifah. A. (2022). Identification the causes of diseases caused by fungi and the intensity of their attacks on shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Bungaraya Village, Bungaraya Sub-district, Siak District. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 9(1), 075–090. Tersedia dari https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jpt/article/view/8891
Joshi, M., Srivastava, R., Sharma, A. K., & Prakash, A. (2013). Isolation and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, a wilt causing fungus, for its pathogenic and non-pathogenic nature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.290
Kalman, B., Abraham, D., Graph, S., Perl-Treves, R., Harel, Y. M., & Degani, O. (2020). Isolation and identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agents of onion (Allium cepa) basal rot in Northeastern Israel. Biology, 9(4), 69. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9040069
Keuete, K. E., Tsopmbeng, N. G. R., & Kuiate, J. R. (2016). Cultural and morphological variations of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose of various fruits in Cameroon. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 1(4), 968–974. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/1.4.48
Kimaru, S. K., Monda, E., Cheruiyot, R. C., Mbaka, J., & Alakonya, A. (2018). Morphological and molecular identification of the causal agent of anthracnose disease of avocado in Kenya. International Journal of Microbiolog, 2018, 4568520. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4568520
Khaeruni, A., Rahim, A., Syair, & Adriani. (2014). Induksi ketahanan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi di lapangan menggunakan Rizobakteri indigenos. Journal of Tropical Plant Pests and Diseases, 14(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11457-63
Latifah, A., Kustantinah, & Soesanto, L. (2011). Utilization of several Trichoderma harzianum isolates as biological control agents for Fusarium wilt on shallots in planta. Eugenia, 17(2), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.35791/eug.17.2.2011.4105
Lestiyani, A., Wibowo, A., Subandiyah, S., Gambley, C., Ito, S., & Harper, S. (2016). Identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of twisted disease of shallot. Acta Horticulturae, 1128, 155–160. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1128.22
Marak, T., Umbrey, Y., & Mahaputra, S. (2019). Cultural, morphological and bio-chemical variability of different isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose of greengram. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 52(1–2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2019.1588194
Mekuria, T., & Alemu, T. (2020). Morphological and molecular diversity of Fusarium species causing wilt disease in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in South Western Ethiopia. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research, 10(4), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.3923/sjsres.2020.342.356
Nur, Y. S. R., Burhanuddin. A., Aldo, D., & Army, W. L. (2022). Sistem pakar deteksi penyakit bawang merah dengan metode case based reasoning. Jurnal Media Informatika Budidarma, 6(3), 1356– Tersedia dari http://www.stmik-budidarma.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/mib/article/view/4180
Safitri, Y. A., Hasanah, U., Salamiah, Samharinto, & Pramudi, M. I. (2019). Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agriculture, 3(2), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g030201
Saidah, Muchtar, Syafruddin, & Pangestuti, R. (2019). Pertumbuhan dan hasil panen dua varietas tanaman bawang merah asal biji di Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 5(1), 213–216. Tersedia dari https://smujo.id/psnmbi/article/view/3734
Sarianti & Subandar, I. (2022). Insidensi dan severitas penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman bawang merah di Kampong Tanah Bara Kecamatan Gunung Meriah Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 24(1), 202–210. Tersedia dari http://e-journal.janabadra.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/view/1529
Sari, W. (2019). Inventarisasi penyakit tanaman padi pandanwangi (Oryza sativa var. Aromatic) di beberapa sentra penanaman padi pandanwangi Kabupaten Cianjur. Agroscience, 9(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.35194/agsci.v9i2.777
Sari, W., & Inayah, S. A. (2020). Inventarisasi penyakit pada dua varietas lokal bawang merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Bima Brebes dan Trisula. Jurnal Pro-Stek, 2(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.35194/prs.v2i2.1166
Sudirga, S. K. (2016). Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur Colletotrichum spp. isolat PCS penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.) di Bali. Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(1), 23–30. Tersedia dari https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/metamorfosa/article/view/19334
Thu, B. T., Tran, Q. T., & Nguyen, D. K. (2019). Identification of shallot pathogens in Vĩnh Châu Town of Sóc Trăng Province. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 11(3), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2019.033
Triwidodo, H., & Tanjung. M. H. (2020). Hama penyakit utama tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) dan tindakan pengendalian di Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 13(2),149–154. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v13i2.7131
Udiarto, B. K., Setiawati, W., & Suryaningsih, E. (2005). Pengenalan hama dan penyakit pada tanaman bawang merah dan pengendaliannya. Tersedia dari http://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/15924
Wiyatiningsih, S., Wibowo A., & Triwahyu, E. (2009). Keparahan penyakit moler pada enam kultivar bawang merah karena infeksi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae di tiga daerah sentra produksi. Seminar Nasional ‘Akselerasi Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Dalam Mendukung Revitalisasi Pertanian. Surabaya: Fakultas Pertanian dan LPPM UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Tersedia dari http://eprints.upnjatim.ac.id/3142/1/Sri_Wiyatiningsih%2C_Arif_Wibowo%2C_Endang_Triwahyu_P.pdf
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
