印尼华文教育在中华文化传承传播中的作用、困境与未来展望——以唐根基教授印尼华文教育实践为例

Abstract

Indonesia has the largest overseas Chinese population in the world and offers the most typical case of the rise and fall of overseas Chinese-language education. Existing studies have largely focused on the macro-history and policy shifts of Chinese-language education in Indonesia, leaving the micro-mechanisms through which individual leaders build local institutions to sustain it insufficiently examined. Taking the decades-long practice of Professor Tang Genji, a distinguished alumnus of Jinan University, as a single-case embedded case study, this paper draws on semi-structured interviews, institutional archives and association documents to analyze his localization practices along three lines: talent cultivation, industry standards and philanthropic support. The study finds that the revival of Chinese-language education in Indonesia is not a simple "restoration" but the growth of a "blood-making" ecology at the margins of the national education system, supported by local teacher training, industry standard-setting and the mobilization of philanthropic resources, yet still constrained by structural dilemmas such as the teacher gap, poorly adapted textbooks, fragmented funding and the intergenerational attenuation of identity. The core mechanism of Tang's practice is the functional differentiation and mutual support among an educational institution, an industry association and a foundation: the institution reproduces "people", the association institutionalizes "standards" and "legitimacy", and the foundation universalizes "resources" and builds resilience. Its effectiveness depends on two conditions: the initial capacity input of systematic training at a Chinese university, and the sustained motivation of local cultural identification. The paper proposes the analytical concept of an "education–association–foundation localized closed loop", offering a mechanism-based explanation for the shift of overseas Chinese-language education from external "blood transfusion" to endogenous "blood-making".