Cover Image

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/CuO Nanocomposites with Various Temperature

Risa Rahmawati Sunarya, Yosi Yosiva Sidik, Fitri Nur Islamiati

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) metal oxide composites are known for their high electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and enhanced mechanical strength, making them valuable in applications such as sensors, batteries, and electromagnetic shielding. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing PANI/CuO nanocomposites to examine their structural, morphological, and functional properties at different synthesis temperatures. By integrating the conductive polymer PANI with copper oxide (CuO), a p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap, the material’s capabilities are significantly enhanced. The oxidative polymerization of aniline, the process by which PANI is formed, requires precise control of oxidizing agents and reaction conditions, as these factors directly affect the polymerization, conductivity, and overall properties of the resulting nanocomposite. The PANI/CuO nanocomposites were synthesized at three different temperatures: 10℃, 25℃, and 50℃, to determine how temperature affects their characteristics. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze these nanocomposites. FTIR results revealed shifts in the quinoid and benzenoid rings, indicating hydrogen bonding between the NH group of PANI and the CuO surface, which accelerates charge transfer. The SEM analysis showed that while pure PANI exhibits a uniform globular morphology, the PANI/CuO nanocomposites display a nanorod morphology. These morphological differences impact the surface area and electrical conductivity of the composites, highlighting the significance of temperature in tailoring the material's properties for specific applications.

Keywords

polyaniline; polyaniline/CuO nanocomposites

Full Text:

PDF

References

[1] K. Lata and R. K. Rana, “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-copper oxide nano-composites,” Int J Chem Stud, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 46–50, Jan. 2024,
doi:10.22271/chemi.2024.v12.i1a.12396.

[2] Asha et.al., “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/TiO2 composites,” Indian journal of pure and app Physics, vol. 52, pp. 341-347, May 2014.

[3] F. R. Rangel-Olivares et.al., “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-based polymer nanocomposites as anti-corrosion coatings,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 6, Jun. 2021,
doi: 10.3390/coatings11060653.

[4] S. L. Goyal et.al., “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/TiO2 composites,” Indian journal of pure and app Physics, vol. 52, pp. 341-347, May 2014.

[5] A. Mostafaei and A. Zolriasatein, “Synthesis and characterization of conducting polyaniline nanocomposites containing ZnO nanorods,” Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 273–280, Aug. 2012,
doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2012.07.002.

[6] L. Yesappa et.al., “Characterization, Electrical Conductivity and Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline-LiClO4-CuO Nano Composite for Energy Storage Applications,” Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 193–205, Jan. 2019,
doi:10.1080/03602559.2018.1466175.

[7] N. Boutaleb et.al., “Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Polyaniline@TiO2-CuO Ternary Composite as Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications,” Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 21, Nov. 2022,
doi: 10.3390/polym14214562.

[8] D. Doğan et.al., “Increasing Photocatalytic Stability and Photocatalytic Property of Polyaniline Conductive Polymer,” Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1025–1037, Aug. 2020,
doi: 10.1007/s40995-020-00922-3.

[9] R. R. Sunarya et.al., “Combination of polyaniline and graphene oxide as counter electrode composites in dye-sensitized solar cells,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc., Apr. 2023.
doi: 10.1063/5.0115886.

[10] A. I. Fatya et.al., “Synthesis of polyaniline/electrochemically exfoliated graphene composite as counter-electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell,” Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 1370–1378, Aug. 2020,
doi:10.1080/25740881.2020.1738479.

[11] R. R. Sunarya et.al., “Electrocatalytic Activation of a DSSC Graphite Composite Counter Electrode Using In Situ Polymerization of Aniline in a Water/Ethanol Dispersion of Reduced Graphene Oxide,” J Electron Mater, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 3182–3190, May 2020,
doi: 10.1007/s11664-020-07977-3.

[12] N. Fauziah et.al., “Ultrasonication-modified electrochemically exfoliated graphene for counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells,” Carbon Trends, vol. 12, Sep. 2023,
doi: 10.1016/j.cartre.2023.100292.

[13] R. Rahmawati et.al., “Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposite as Efficient Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Physics Publishing, Jul. 2018.
doi:10.1088/1757899X/384/1/012040.

[14] H. Meskher et.al., “Synthesis and Characterization of CuO@PANI composite: A new prospective material for electrochemical sensing,” Journal of Composites and Compounds, vol. 4, no. 13, pp. 178–181, Dec. 2022,
doi: 10.52547/jcc.4.4.1.

[15] M. Nagaraja et.al, “Polyaniline-CuO nanocomposite: Electrical, structural and sensor properties,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, 2021, pp. 1989–1992.
doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.154.

[16] L. G. Yesappa et.al., “Structure, morphology and optical properties of CuO nano particles immersed PANI/Li composite,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc., Jun. 2020.
doi: 10.1063/5.0009090.

[17] S. Ashokan et.al., “Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles, DBSA doped PANI and PANI/DBSA/CuO hybrid composites for diode and solar cell device development,” J Alloys Compd, vol. 646, pp. 40–48, Jun. 2015,
doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.088.

[18] X. M. He et.al., “Facile synthesis of polyaniline-coated SiO2 nanofiber and its application in enrichment of fluoroquinolones from honey samples,” Talanta, vol. 140, pp. 29–35, Aug. 2015,
doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.006.

[19] S. Islam et.al., “Synthesis, electrical conductivity, and dielectric behavior of polyaniline/V2O5 composites,” Int J Polym Sci, vol. 2013, 2013,
doi: 10.1155/2013/307525.

[20] R. Li et.al., “Intercalated polyaniline in V2O5 as a unique vanadium oxide bronze cathode for highly stable aqueous zinc ion battery,” Energy Storage Mater, vol. 38, pp. 590–598, Jun. 2021,
doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.04.004.

[21] Z. A. Boeva and V. G. Sergeyev, “Polyaniline: Synthesis, properties, and application,” Polymer Science - Series C, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 144–153, 2014,
doi: 10.1134/S1811238214010032.

[22] V. Babel and B. L. Hiran, “A review on polyaniline composites: Synthesis, characterization, and applications,” Jul. 01, 2021, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
doi: 10.1002/pc.26048.

[23] F. Fenniche et.al., “Synthesis and characterization of PANI nanofibers high-performance thin films via electrochemical methods,” Results Chem, vol. 4, Jan. 2022,
doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100596.

[24] M. Reza et.al., “Variation of Ammonium Persulfate Concentration Determines Particle Morphology and Electrical Conductivity in HCl Doped Polyaniline,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Physics Publishing, Sep. 2019.
doi:10.1088/1757899X/599/1/012002.

[25] A. N. Amalina et.al., “Preparation of polyaniline emeraldine salt for conducting-polymer-activated counter electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using rapid-mixing polymerization at various temperature,” Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 521, 2019,
doi: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.3854.521-528.

[26] Q. Zhang et.al., “CuO nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications,” 2014, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.09.003.

[27] S. Raja and M. Deepa, “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-copper (II) oxide nanocomposite by wet chemical route,” Indian Journal of Advanced Chemical Science, vol. 3, pp. 198–203, 2015.

[28] L. I. Nadaf and K. S. Venkatesh, “Polyaniline-Copper Oxide Nano-Composites: Synthesis and Characterization,” Material Science Research India, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 108–111, Dec. 2015,
doi: 10.13005/msri/120204.

[29] D. Manyasree et.al., “CuO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterisation and their bactericidal efficacy,” International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 71–74, Oct. 2017,
doi: 10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.71757.

[30] W. Sun et.al., “Hierarchically porous hybrids of polyaniline nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide sheets as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells,” J Mater Chem A Mater, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 2762–2768, Feb. 2013,
doi: 10.1039/c2ta01000c.

[31] K. A. Ibrahim, “Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline and poly(aniline-co-o-nitroaniline) using vibrational spectroscopy,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 10, pp. S2668–S2674, May 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.010.

[32] Y. Kovalyshyn et.al., “Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline Composites,” in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 10th International Conference on “Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties”, NAP 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Nov. 2020.
doi:10.1109/NAP51477.2020.9309531.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.90819

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share