Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue using Fe2O3-TiO2/Kaolinite under Visible Light Illumination

Anthoni Batahan Aritonang; Hanopa Selpiana; Muhammad Agus Wibowo; Warsidah warsidah; Adhitiawarman Adhitiawarman

doi:10.20961/jkpk.v7i3.66567

Abstract

Combining TiO₂ and a semiconductor with a smaller band gap, such as Fe₂O₃, to form a heterojunction composite can increase its photocatalytic activity. In this work, the Fe₂O₃-TiO₂/kaolinite composites were successfully synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation using titanium-tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) dan Fe (NO₃)₃.9H₂O as precursors. Using kaolinite as a matrix also increases the photocatalyst’s surface area. The obtained Fe₂O₃-TiO₂/kaolinite composites were characterized. The crystal phase was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction and resulted in anatase with a crystallite size average of 9,7 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) shows the peak at a wavenumber 574-1210 cm⁻¹ ascribed TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ incorporated into kaolinite. The Optical properties show the absorption edge of Fe₂O₃-TiO₂/kaolinite is redshift toward the visible light region. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃-TiO₂/kaolinite composites with heterostructure was more active than the corresponding Fe₂O₃ or pure TiO₂ in the degradation of methylene blue under visible light illumination, which can degrade 83% for 180 minutes. Fe₂O₃ and kaolinite cause its synergistic effect as supporting materials. Furthermore, it indicates that the recombination of photo hole and photoelectron charge pair can be minimized. The Fe₂O₃-TiO₂/kaolinite composite is a promising photocatalyst to degrade organic pollutants for wastewater treatment.

Keywords

Fe2O3-TiO2; kaolinite; composites; sol-gel; ultrasonic assisted coprecipitation

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yes'>ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY

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doi: 10.1080/17518253.2018.1440324.

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yes'>ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY

style='mso-element:field-separator'>[1] H. H. Mohamed, N. A. Alomair, S. Akhtar, and T. E. Youssef, “Eco-friendly synthesized α-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ heterojunction with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., vol. 382, no. June, p. 111951, 2019,

doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111951.

[2] M. Nasirian, C. F. Bustillo-Lecompte, and M. Mehrvar, “Photocatalytic efficiency of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ for the degradation of typical dyes in textile industries: Effects of calcination temperature and UV-assisted thermal synthesis,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 196, pp. 487–498, 2017,

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.030.

[3] S. Mohammadhosseini et al., “UV and Visible Light Induced Photodegradation of Reactive Red 198 Dye and Textile Factory Wastewater on Fe₂O₃/Bentonite/TiO₂ Nanocomposite,” Minerals, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1417, 2022,

doi: 10.3390/min12111417.

[4] S. C. Lee, H. O. Lintang, and L. Yuliati, “High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,” Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 915–926, 2017,

doi: 10.3762/bjnano.8.93.

[5] Y. Q. Cao et al., “Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ modified TiO₂ prepared by atomic layer deposition,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2020,

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70352-z.

[6] A. B. Aritonang, Y. K. Krisnandi, and J. Gunlazuardi, “Modification of TiO₂ nanotube arrays with N doping and Ag decorating for enhanced visible light photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 234–241, 2018,

doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.8.1.2342.

[7] T. K. Jana, A. Pal, A. K. Mandal, S. Sarwar, P. Chakrabarti, and K. Chatterjee, “Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performance of α-Fe₂O₃ Nanostructures,” ChemistrySelect, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 3068–3077, 2017,

doi: 10.1002/slct.201700294.

[8] M. Long, Y. Zhang, Z. Shu, A. Tang, J. Ouyang, and H. Yang, “Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles anchored on 2D kaolinite with enhanced antibacterial activity,” Chem. Commun., vol. 53, no. 46, pp. 6255–6258, 2017,

doi: 10.1039/c7cc02905e.

[9] B. Sharma, P. K. Boruah, A. Yadav, and M. R. Das, “TiO₂–Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite heterojunction for superior charge separation and the photocatalytic inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in water under direct sunlight irradiation,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 134–145, 2018,

doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.11.025.

[10] A. Banisharif et al., “Highly active Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst for degradation of trichloroethylene in air under UV and visible light irradiation: Experimental and computational studies,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 165, pp. 209–221, 2015,

doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.10.023.

[11] Z. Ahmad Zubir et al., “Synthesis and Characterization of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂/ SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃/TiO₂/Activated Carbon Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Dye Removal,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 1133, pp. 523–526, 2016,

doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1133.52

[12] D. Liu, Z. Li, W. Wang, and G. Wang, “Hematite doped magnetic TiO₂ nanocomposites with improved photocatalytic activity,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 654, pp. 491–497, 2016,

doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.140.

[13] S. M. R. Shariatzadeh, M. Salimi, H. Fathinejad, and A. Hassani Joshaghani, “Nanostructured α-Fe₂O₃: Solvothermal Synthesis, Characterization, and Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Structural Properties,” Int. J. Eng. Trans. C Asp., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1186–1192, 2022,

doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.06c.10.

[14] S. Lubis, I. Maulana, and . M., “Synthesis and Characterization of TiO₂/α-Fe₂O₃ Composite Using Hematite from Iron Sand for Photodegradation Removal of Dye,” J. Nat., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 38–43, 2018,

doi: 10.24815/jn.v18i1.8649.

[15] K. Dědková et al., “Antibacterial activity of kaolinite/nanoTiO₂ composites in relation to irradiation time,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., vol. 135, pp. 17–22, 2014,

doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.004.

[16] Q. He, C. Xie, D. Gan, and C. Xiao, “The efficient degradation of organic pollutants in an aqueous environment under visible light irradiation by persulfate catalytically activated with kaolin-Fe₂O₃,” RSC Adv., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 43–52, 2019,

doi: 10.1039/c9ra09253f.

[17] L. Peng, T. Xie, Y. Lu, H. Fan, and D. Wang, “Synthesis, photoelectric properties and photocatalytic activity of the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ heterogeneous photocatalysts,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 12, no. 28, pp. 8033–8041, 2010,

doi: 10.1039/c002460k.

[18] A. B. Aritonang, E. Pratiwi, W. Warsidah, S. I. Nurdiansyah, and R. Risko, “Fe-doped TiO₂/Kaolinite as an antibacterial photocatalyst under visible light irradiation,” Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 293–301, 2021,

doi: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10325.293-301.

[19] D. N. F. Muche, F. L. Souza, and R. H. R. Castro, “New ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation for high surface area oxide based nanostructured materials,” React. Chem. Eng., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 244–250, 2018,

doi: 10.1039/c7re00183e.

[20] M. R. A. Kumar, B. Abebe, H. P. Nagaswarupa, H. C. A. Murthy, C. R. Ravikumar, and F. K. Sabir, “Enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of TiO₂-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite: Its applications in dye decolorization and as supercapacitors,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2020,

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58110-7.

[21] K. Dedkova, K. Matejova, J. Lang, P. Peikertova, "Antibacterial activity of kaolinite/nanoTiO₂ composites in relation to irradiation time," J. Photochem. Photobio. B: Biology, vol. 135, pp. 17-22, 2014,

doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.004.

[22] W. Chang, M. Zhang, X. Ren, and A. Miller, “Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of monolithic Fe₂O₃/TiO₂,” South African J. Chem., vol. 70, pp. 127–131, 2017,

doi: 10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a18.

[23] S. J. A. Moniz and J. Tang, “Charge transfer and photocatalytic activity in CuO/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions synthesised synthesized through a rapid, one-pot, microwave solvothermal route,” ChemCatChem, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 1659–1667, 2015,

doi: 10.1002/cctc.201500315.

[24] M. Humayun, F. Raziq, A. Khan, and W. Luo, “Modification strategies of TiO₂ for potential applications in photocatalysis: A critical review,” Green Chem. Lett. Rev., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 86–102, 2018,

doi: 10.1080/17518253.2018.1440324.

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color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:

AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v7i3.66567

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