Optimizing Entisols properties and enhancing melon (Cucumis melo L.) yields using biofilm biofertilizer, organic matter, and NPK fertilization

Sudadi Sudadi, Ongko Cahyono, Purwanto Purwanto, Retno Rosariastuti, Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono, Azizah Anggun Febriana, Oca Higiawati, Adhia Azhar Fauzan

Abstract

Entisols have significant agricultural potential but also limitation by a high sand fraction and unstable soil aggregates, leading to low nutrient levels and poor water-holding capacity. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of biofilm biofertilizer, organic matter, and NPK fertilizer to improve it soil properties and enhance melon yields (Cucumis melo L.). A completely randomized block design was employed, consisting of three treatment factors: biofilm biofertilizer (BiO2) formulation (without BiO2, formula 1, and formula 2), organic matter dosages (0, 1.25, and 2.5 kg plant-1), and NPK dosages (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended dosage). The variables observed included soil properties (bulk density, aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC), and available phosphorus), melon growth and yield. Data was analyzed using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if any significant effects. The results showed that the interaction among BiO2, organic matter, and NPK significantly affected soil properties, enabling a reduction in NPK applications by up to 50% when combined with BiO2 and organic matter. The application of 2.5 kg plant-1 of organic matteroutperformed 1.25 kg plant-1 in improving bulk density, aggregate stability, available-P, P-uptake, plant dry weight, and melon yields; however, significant differences between these doses were observed only for available P and P uptake. This study can serve as a reference for determining fertilizer dosages to increase melon yields while improving the soil properties of Entisols and expanding their agricultural use.

Keywords

Soil aggregate formation; Soil organic carbon; P-availability; P-uptake

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdilah, A., Lubis, K. S., & Mukhlis. (2018). Perubahan Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Akibat Pemberian Limbah Kertas Rokok Dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam Di Tanah Ultisol [Changes in Selected Soil Chemical Properties and the Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Affected by the Application of Cigarette Paper Waste and Chicken Manure on Ultisol Soil]. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 6(3), 442-447. https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/joa/article/view/2371

Ahmad, F., Afandi, Hendarto, K., & Yusnaini, S. (2019). Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati terhadap Kemantapan Agregat Tanah dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di Bukit Kemiling Permai, Bandar Lampung [Effect of Biofertilizer Application on Soil Aggregate Stability and Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Production in Bukit Kemiling Permai, Bandar Lampung]. Journal of Tropical Upland Resources (J. Trop. Upland Res.), 1(1). https://jtur.lppm.unila.ac.id/jtur/article/view/17

Al-Bayati, H. J. M. (2020). Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Hybrid Cucumber Cucumis sativus L. Grown under Unheated Plastic House. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012027

Amalina, D. D., Sudadi, Pratama, N. M., & Dewi, W. S. (2023). The potency of soil bacteria on soil phosphorus solubilization and IAA production for innovation on sustainable Melon (Cucumis melo) production through biofilm biofertilizer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1200(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1200/1/012001

Amalina, D. D., Sudadi, Pratama, N. M., Dewi, W. S., Hadiwiyono, Minardi, S., & Suga, H. (2023). Enhancing Melon Growth and Nutrient Uptake with Plant-Growth-Promoting Microorganisms from Cucumis melo. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 18(6), 1475-1484. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.180622

Amelia, R., Darman, S., & Zakia, N. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadap Serapan Fosfor Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata L.) pada Entisols Sidera [Effect of Cattle Manure Application on Phosphorus Uptake of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) Grown on Entisols of Sidera]. AGROTEKBIS: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 10(3), 124-131. http://jurnal.faperta.untad.ac.id/index.php/agrotekbis/article/view/1325

Ariyanti, O. D., & Aini, N. (2024). Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terong (Solanum melongena L.) [Effect of the Combination of Chicken Manure and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)]. Plantropica: Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(1), 70-79. https://jpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpt/article/view/914

Bella, F. A. S., Nurhayati, D. R., & Siswadi. (2023). Kajian Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Pupuk Hayati Biotogrow terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) [Study on the Application of Cattle Manure and Biotogrow Biofertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)]. Biofarm : Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 19(1), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v19i1.2980

BPS. (2024). Produksi tanaman buaha-buahan, 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik(BPS - Statistics Indonesia). https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjIjMg==/produksi-tanaman-buah-buahan.html

Djibran, D. H. M., Anggraini, N., & Triani, N. (2024). Budidaya Melon Berbasis Polybag pada Screenhouse di Dusun Ngadilegi Utara, Desa Plintahan, Kecamatan Pandaan [Polybag-Based Melon Cultivation in a Screenhouse at North Ngadilegi Hamlet, Plintahan Village, Pandaan Subdistrict]. Jurnal Edukasi Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.36636/eduabdimas.v3i2.3870

Du, Q.-J., Xiao, H.-J., Li, J.-Q., Zhang, J.-X., Zhou, L.-Y., & Wang, J.-Q. (2021). Effects of different fertilization rates on growth, yield, quality and partial factor productivity of tomato under non-pressure gravity irrigation. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247578. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247578

Eviati, Sulaeman, Herawaty, L., Anggria, L., Usman, Tantika, H. E., . . . Wuningrum, P. (2023). Analisis Sifat Kimia Tanah, Jaringan Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk [Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties, Plant Tissue, Water, and Fertilizers] (3rd ed.). Soil Research Institute , Agricultural Research And Development Agency, Agricultural Ministry of Indonensia. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/23044

Fikdalillah, F., Basir, M., & Wahyudi, I. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang sapi terhadap serapan fosfor dan hasil tanaman sawi putih (Brassica pekinensis) pada Entisols sidera [Effect of Cattle Manure Application on Phosphorus Uptake and Yield of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) on Sidera Entisols]. AGROTEKBIS: JURNAL ILMU PERTANIAN (e-journal), 4(5), 491-499. http://jurnal.faperta.untad.ac.id/index.php/agrotekbis/article/view/50

Fitriatin, B. N., Manurung, D. F., Sofyan, E. T., & Setiawati, M. R. (2020). Compatibility, phosphate solubility and phosphatase activity by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences, 5(12), 281-284. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2020.v05i12.003

Ginting, A. P., Barus, A., & Sipayung, R. (2017). Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Melon (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Pemangkasan Buah: Growth and Production of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) by Giving NPK Fertilizer and Fruit Prunning [Growth and Production of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) as Affected by NPK Fertilizer Application and Fruit Pruning]. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 5(4), 786-798. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/joa/article/view/2492/1878

Hartati, R. D., Suryaman, M., & Saepudin, A. (2023). Pengaruh pemberian bakteri pelarut fosfat pada berbagai pH tanah terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) [Effect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Application at Different Soil pH Levels on the Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)]. JA-CROPS (Journal of Agrotechnology and Crop Science), 1(1), 26. https://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jacrops/article/view/2782/1647

Hartati, S., Suryono, & Purnama, L. S. (2019). The Potential of Potassium Fertilizers in Improving the Availability and Uptake of Potassium in Rice Grown on Entisol. Journal of Tropical Soils, 24(2), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2019.v24i2.83-91

Hawkins, J. M. B., Vermeiren, C., Blackwell, M. S. A., Darch, T., Granger, S. J., Dunham, S. J., . . . McGrath, S. (2022). The effect of soil organic matter on long-term availability of phosphorus in soil: Evaluation in a biological P mining experiment. Geoderma, 423, 115965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115965

Huda, A. N., & Suwarno, W. B. (2023). Characteristics and variability of melon genotypes under shade conditions in greenhouse. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 51(3), 324-333. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v51i3.48986

Kaho, U. J. R., Naisanu, J., & Ida, K. S. (2020). Effect of Cow Manure and Atonic on Spinach (Amaranthus spp.) Production in Dry Land. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 20(3), 363-368. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2057

Krisdiyantoro, S., Triyono, S., Tusi, A., & Haryanto, A. (2023). Optimasi Ukuran Pot dan Dosis Pupuk pada Budidaya Melon (Cucumis melo L) [Optimization of Pot Size and Fertilizer Dosage in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Cultivation]. Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering, 2(3), 419-427. https://doi.org/10.23960/jabe.v2i3.8052

Kurnia, U., Agus, F., Adimihardja, A., Rachman, A., Sutono, S., Santri, J. A., & Ariani, R. (2022). Sifat Fisika Tanah dan Metode Analisisnya [Soil Physical Properties and Their Methods of Analysis] (2nd ed.). Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/22009

Liu, X., Liu, J., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Qi, Y., . . . Zhu, Y. (2023). Response of Soil Aggregate Stability to Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Organic Fertilizer Addition: A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability, 15(13), 10601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310601

Maulani, N. W. (2019). Pengaruh Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L) Varietas Madesta F1 [Effect of Combined Dosages of Organic Fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Madesta F1]. JURNAL AGROREKTAN, 6(2), 59-76. https://ejournal.unsub.ac.id/index.php/agrorektan/article/view/1010

Muhammad, I., Yang, L., Ahmad, S., Zeeshan, M., Farooq, S., Ali, I., . . . Zhou, X. B. (2022). Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Alter Soil Bacterial Communities, Soil Enzyme Activities, and Nutrient Availability in Maize Crop [Original Research]. Frontiers in Microbiology, Volume 13 - 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.833758

Murnita, M., & Taher, Y. A. (2021). Dampak pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah dan produksi tanaman padi (Oriza sativa L.) [Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production]. Menara Ilmu: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah, 15(2). https://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/menarailmu/article/view/2314

Permana, I., Arifin, M., & Sudirja, R. (2018). Aplikasi berbagai dosis pupuk UZAAKH dalam menurunkan kelarutan logam Cr pada tanah sawah tercemar limbah tekstil [Application of Various UZAAKH Fertilizer Dosages in Reducing Chromium (Cr) Solubility in Textile Waste–Contaminated Paddy Soils]. Soilrens, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/soilrens.v16i1.18318

Pujawan, M., Afandi, A., Novpriansyah, H., & Manik, K. E. S. (2016). Kemantapan Agregat Tanah pada Lahan Produksi Rendah dan Tinggi di PT Great Giant Pineapple [Soil Aggregate Stability in Low- and High-Productivity Lands at PT Great Giant Pineapple]. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v4i1.1915

Purba, D., & Purba, M. (2022). Aplikasi Analisis Korelasi dan Regresi menggunakan Pearson Product Moment dan Simple Linear Regression [Application of Correlation and Regression Analysis Using Pearson Product Moment and Simple Linear Regression]. Citra Sains Teknologi, 1(2), 97-103. https://www.scribd.com/document/593528445/54-Article-Text-249-1-10-20220302

Putra, R. T., Susana, R., & Santoso, E. Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis pada Tanah Gambut [Effect of Biofertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn on Peat Soil]. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 11(4), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v11i4.58199

Querejeta, G. A., Rossi, L., Monroy, A. M., Raiger Iustman, L. J., & Vullo, D. L. (2022). Screening of indigenous microorganisms as potential biofertilisers for periurban horticulture areas. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 10(1), 1-14.

Ramadani. (2008). Budidaya melon. Artikel Teknis Pertanian. Ministry of Agriculture. Agency for Agricultural Extension and Human Resource Development. https://bbpplembang.bppsdmp.pertanian.go.id/publikasi-detail/1314

Rana, S., & Upadhyay, L. S. B. (2020). Microbial exopolysaccharides: Synthesis pathways, types and their commercial applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 157, 577-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.084

Roaidha, D., Murwani, I., & Arfarita, N. (2021). Pengaruh Peningkatan Dosis Pupuk Hayati VP3 dan Lama Induksi Listrik Terhadap Agregasi Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glicine max (L) Merr.) [Effect of Increased VP3 Biofertilizer Dosage and Electrical Induction Duration on Soil Aggregation, Growth, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)]. Folium : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 5(2), 80-95. https://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/faperta/article/view/12879

Roflin, E., Rohana, & Riana, F. (2022). Statistika Dasar. Nasya Expanding Management. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=oDx6EAAAQBAJ

Rosniawaty, S., Sudirja, R., Ariyanti, M., Mubarok, S., & Wahyudin, A. (2021). Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap kesuburan tanah serta pertumbuhan dan fisiologi tanaman kakao muda hasil transplanting di tanah Inceptisol [Effect of Organic Materials on Soil Fertility and Growth and Physiology of Young Cocoa Plants Transplanted into Inceptisol Soil]. Kultivasi, 20(3), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v20i3.32621

Ruijgrok, G., Wu, D.-Y., Overkleeft, H. S., & Codée, J. D. C. (2024). Synthesis and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 78, 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102418

Safwandi, S., Hanani, F., Jamidi, J., Hafifah, H., & Ismadi, I. (2021). The Application of Biofertilizer on Growth And Yield of Melon Varieties (Cucumis Melo L.). Journal of Tropical Horticulture, 4(2), 35-39.

Saifulloh, A. A., & Suntari, R. (2022). Peningkatan Pertumbuhan, Serapan Unsur Hara N, P, K serta Produksi Tanaman Jagung di Entisol Kalidawir, Tulungagung akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Pupuk NPK [Improvement of Growth, N, P, and K Nutrient Uptake, and Corn Production in Entisol Kalidawir, Tulungagung Due to the Application of Cattle Manure and NPK Fertilizer]. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 9(1), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.21

Santoni, D., Oktapani, B. A., Hidayat, A. R., & Minako, M. (2023). Pemanfaatan Limbah Batang Pohon Pisang (Musa Sp) Sebagai Pembuatan Pupuk Cair Organik Dengan Aktivator EM4 dan Lama Fermentasi Di Desa Pagar Agung Kecamatan Rambang Kabupaten Muara Enim [Utilization of Banana Pseudostem Waste (Musa sp.) for the Production of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Using EM4 Activator and Different Fermentation Periods in Pagar Agung Village, Rambang Subdistrict, Muara Enim Regency]. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, 3(1), 109-121. https://semnas.biologi.fmipa.unp.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/571

Sawicka, B., Krochmal-Marczak, B., Pszczółkowski, P., Bielińska, E. J., Wójcikowska-Kapusta, A., Barbaś, P., & Skiba, D. (2020). Effect of Differentiated Nitrogen Fertilization on the Enzymatic Activity of the Soil for Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam.]) Cultivation. Agronomy, 10(12), 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121970

Sembiring, Y. R. V., Nugroho, P. A., & Istianto, I. (2013). Kajian Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan pada Tanaman Karet [Study on the Use of Soil Microorganisms to Improve Fertilization Efficiency in Rubber Plants]. Warta Perkaretan, 32(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v32i1.31

Setiawan, A. B., Auliauzzakia, I., & Purwantoro, A. (2025). Genetic Variability in F2 Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Population from Double Cross of Sex-Distinct Parent Lines. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 40(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93441

Siregar, R. S., Khusrizal, K., Yusra, Y., Ismadi, I., & Akbar, H. (2023). Pemanfaatan Biochar dan Tanah Liat untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Tanah Sub-Optimal dan Hasil Bawang Merah [Utilization of Biochar and Clay to Improve Sub-Optimal Soil Quality and Shallot Yield]. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroekoteknologi, 2(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.29103/jimatek.v2i1.12041

Sudadi, Nurjanah, M., & Minardi, S. (2021). Organic fertilizer dosages and biofilmed biofertilizer formula on nitrogen uptake and shallot yields in slightly acid soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 637(1), 012092. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/637/1/012092

Sudadi, & Setyawan, C. Y. (2021). The effect of biofilm biofertilizer formula and organic fertilizer dosage to phosphorus uptake and yield of shallot on Vertisols. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 905(1), 012121. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012121

Sudadi, Suryono, & Triharyanto, E. (2021). Biofilm biofertilizer increase mustard growth and nutrient status of dry land Lithosols. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 824(1), 012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/824/1/012020

Sudadi, S., Putri, E. Y., & Suntoro, S. (2020). The use of biofilmed biofertilizer to improve soil chemical fertility and yield of upland kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) on Vertisol. Planta Tropika, 8(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.2020.118.83-92

Sukarman, Saidy, A. R., Rusmayadi, G., Adriani, D. E., Primananda, S., Suwardi, . . . Fitriana, C. D. A. (2022). Effect of water deficit of Ultisols, Entisols, Spodosols, and Histosols on oil palm productivity in Central Kalimantan. Sains Tanah Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 19(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65455

Suntoro, S., Herdiansyah, G., & Mujiyo, M. (2024). Nutrient status and soil fertility index as a basis for sustainable rice field management in Madiun Regency, Indonesia. Sains Tanah Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 21(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.73845

Xia, H., Wang, L., Jiao, N., Mei, P., Wang, Z., Lan, Y., . . . Li, M. (2019). Luxury Absorption of Phosphorus Exists in Maize When Intercropping with Legumes or Oilseed Rape—Covering Different Locations and Years. Agronomy, 9(6), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060314

Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., . . . Jiang, Y. (2020). Effects of Potassium Levels on Plant Growth, Accumulation and Distribution of Carbon, and Nitrate Metabolism in Apple Dwarf Rootstock Seedlings [Original Research]. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 11 - 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00904

Yang, X., Chen, X., & Yang, X. (2019). Effect of organic matter on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in a black soil from Northeast China. Soil and Tillage Research, 187, 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.11.016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v23i1.91478

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.