语用小品词“呢”的位置分布与互动功能研究

Huo Xingyu, Li Zhenzhen

Abstract

Based on DMC natural spoken corpus, we study the pragmatic particle "ne" in Chinese, focusing on its location distribution and interactive function. The results show that in the specific position of "sequence initiation + middle of the round", the small word "ne" mainly assumes the function of statement, and is less used to express questions. In addition, we also find that the "ne" of this position plays multiple roles in interactive communication. First, it can be used as a marker to reflect the inner thoughts of the speaker, thus weakening the influence of objective behavior to a certain extent. Secondly, it can weaken the interrogative tone and make the question point more to the speaker himself. Finally, by reducing its own weight, it can effectively highlight the importance of subsequent information. These findings are of great significance for us to further understand and use the pragmatic particle words in Chinese.

Keywords

Interactive Function; Interactive Linguistics; Location Distribution; "Ne"; Pragmatic Particle Words

References

[1] Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson(1989). Mandarin Chinese A functional Reference Grammar. University of California Press.

[2] Cook, H. M(1992). Meanings of non-referential indexes: a case of the Japanese particles ne. Text, 12, 507-539.

[3] Edmondson(1981), W. Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis. Longman.

[4] Heritage, J(2013). Turn- initial position and some of its occupants[J]. Journal of Pragmatics, 57, 331-337.

[5] Heritage(2018), John and Marja-leena Sorjonen. Between Turn and Sequence: Turn-Initial Particles Across Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

[6] Hsu, K(1996). Joint attention in a father-child-mother triad: A Chinese-American case study[J]. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 77-90.

[7] Ling, T., Qi, C., Chee, L., & Sunarti, S. (2023). Speaking Anxiety in Chinese Language Learning Among non-Chinese Learners in Malaysia 马来西亚非华裔生汉语口语焦虑调查. Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studies, 1(2), 153-163.

[8] Luke, K(1990). Utterance Particles in Cantonese Conversation. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

[9] Marney,J(1980). More on Zhe, Ne and De. Journal of the Chinese Language Teaching Association.

[10] Maynard, S.K(1993). Discourse Modality: Subjectivity, Emotion, and Voice in the Japanese Language. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

[11] Sacks，Harvey，Emanuel A． Schegloff，and Gail Jefferson(1974)．A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation．Language, 50(4), 696-735．

[12] Saussure, F. de(1965). Course in General Linguistics. McGraw-Hill Humanities/ Social Sciences/ Languages.

[13] Schegloff, E. A(2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[14] Schegloff, Emanuel A(1996). Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction[C]//Ochs, E., Schegloff, E. A. & S. A. Thompson. Interaction and Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 52-133.

[15] Stivers, Tanya(2013). Sequence organization. In Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers( eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis[M]. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 191-209.

[16] Syahputra, F., & Siregar, F.(2024). The Effect of Tone Changes on The Interjection of ‘Aiya’ (哎呀) in Attitude and Emotional Signals. Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studie, 2(1), 12-20.

[17] Viviane Alleton(1981). Final particles and expression of modality in modern Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics.

[18] William C.J.Lin(1984). What does the mandarin particle NE communicate. Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale.

[19] Wu, R(2014). Managing turn entry: The design of EI- prefaced turns in Mandarin conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 3(66),139-161.

[20] Wu, Ruey-Jiuan R(2004). Stance in Talk: A Conversation Analysis of Mandarin Final Particles. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

[21] Wu，Guo(2009)． A unified account of the discourse function of the Chinese particle“ne”． Macrolinguistics 3, 1-35．

[22] Xiang, X. H(2012). External information processing versus property ascentaining: A discourse -pragmatic study of three yes/no question particles in Shishan (Hainan Island, P. R. China). Text＆Talk, 32(2):255-280.

[23] Xiang, Xuehua(2011). Constraint reality: Linguistic expressions of restrictivity and emotive stances. A discourse- pragmatic study of utterance- final la-h in Shishan (Hainan Island, China). Lingua, 121(8),1377-1400.

[24] 曹逢甫.华语虚字的研究与教学——以“呢”字为例[J].第六届世界华语文教学研讨会,2000.

[25] 崔希亮.汉语语气词“～嘛”的情态意义[J].语言教学与研究,2019,(04):60-68.

[26] 方梅.北京话句中语气词的功能研究[J].中国语文,1994(02):129-138.

[27] 方梅.从副词独用现象看位置敏感与意义浮现[J].中国语文, 2022, (01): 3-15+126.

[28] 方梅.浮现语法：基于汉语口语和书面语的研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2018.

[29] 方梅.再说“呢”——从互动角度看语气词的性质与功能[A].语法研究和探索18(中国语文杂志社编)[C].北京:商务印书馆出版社,2016:1-18.

[30] 高明凯.汉语语法论[M].北京：商务印书馆，1986.

[31] 高增霞.从互动角度看“吧”的使用[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,30(03):80-86.

[32] 黄伯荣，廖序东.现代汉语[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.

[33] 胡明扬.北京话的语气助词和叹词(上、下) [J].中国语文,1981(05):347-351、416-423.

[34] 李讷,安珊笛,张伯江.从话语角度论证语气词“的”[J].中国语文,1998,(02):93-102.

[35] 刘锋,张京鱼.互动语言学对话语小品词研究的启示[J].外语教学,2017,38(01):30-33.

[36] 刘锋,张京鱼.互动语言学对语用小品词研究的启示[J].语言与翻译,2018(03):17-22.

[37] 刘锋,张京鱼.语用小品词研究的互动语言学框架搭建[J].外语学刊,2020(04):39-44.

[38] 刘锋.互动语言学框架下的湖南吉首方言语用小品词研究[D].陕西师范大学,2015.

[39] 刘虹.话轮、非话轮和半话轮的区分[J].外语教学与研究,1992(03):17-24+80.

[40] 刘珣.实用汉语课本[M].北京:商务印书馆,2006.

[41] 陆俭明.关于现代汉语里的疑问语气词[J].中国语文,1984(05).

[42] 吕叔湘,朱德熙.语法修辞讲话[M].北京:中国青年出版社,1953.

[43] 吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.

[44] 屈承熹.语用学与汉语教学—句尾虚词“呢”跟“呸”的研究[J].中南民族学院学报,1986, (3):28- 37.

[45] 邵敬敏.语气词“呢”在疑问句中的作用[J].中国语文,1989(03).

[46] 孙汝建.句末语气词的四种语用功能[J].南通大学学报(社会科学版),2005(02):76-80.

[47] 王珏.现代汉语语气词的界定标准[J].徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,38(06).

[48] 王珏.语气词功能研究八题[J].对外汉语研究,2024,(02).

[49] 王力.中国现代语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1985.

[50] 王咸慧.从互动角度看“啊”的话语标记功能[J].汉语学习,2019(02):63-70

[51] 王咸慧.语气词“嘛”背景信息共识化功能初探[J].中国语文,2021(06):682-690+767.

[52] 吴亚欣.汉语语气词的会话分析研究路径[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),2022,45(06):21-33.

[53] 熊仲儒.“呢”在疑问句中的意义[J].安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),1999(01):118-120.

[54] 徐晶凝.语气助词“吧”的情态解释[C].国际汉语教学研讨会论文集[A].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.

[55] 叶蜚声，徐通锵.语言学纲要[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1981.

[56] 俞士汶.现代汉语语法信息词典详解[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.

[57] 赵元任.汉语口语语法（吕叔湘节译）[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.

[58] 周士宏.从序列位置与认识不对称看问、答行动中“吧”的立场表达[J].世界汉语教学,2022,36(03):363-378.

[59] 朱德熙.语法讲义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.

[60] 张谊生.现代汉语虚词[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2000.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/sinolingua.v3i1.95984

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.