Project Based Chemistry Learning on the Topic of Making Biodegradable Film from Corn Cobs: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Naila Azizah, Asep Supriatna, Triannisa Rahmawati

Abstract

Plastic waste has brought us an enormous environmental challenge. One solution that could be done to solve the problem of plastic waste is to switch to ordinary plastic using biodegradable film. Corn cob is a type of lignocellulosic waste. And it could be used as biodegradable film material. This research aims to construct a Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) in film formation from corn cobs. The Teaching-Learning Sequences (TLS) that were designed can be made into lesson plans or learning materials with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model that fits with the "Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5)" program in the current curriculum in Indonesia. This research is based on qualitative content analysis. It has four stages: collecting material, making a descriptive analysis, selecting categories, and evaluating. Data analysis and validation through experts were used. These validators included two experienced chemistry teachers and two chemistry education lecturers. Therefore, the validated Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) applies to learning activities. The discussion is split into four points: the first is the rate of plastic waste, the second is what corncobs consist of and their potential, the third is the process of creating biodegradable film, and the fourth point is the advantage of converting corncob waste to biodegradable film.

Keywords

Chemistry Learning; Content Analysis; Teaching-Learning Sequence; Biodegradable Film; Corn Cob

Full Text:

PDF

References

[1] Y. N. Sunardi, “Upaya Greenpeace Dalam Mengurangi Limbah Plastik Di Indonesia,” eJournal Ilmu Hub. Int., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 229–237, 2021.

[2] Isomudin, M. (2024). Analisis Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Gresik Nomor 3 Tahun 2021: Pengurangan Penggunaan Plastik Sekali Pakai. Environmental Pollution Journal, 4(1), 984–993. doi:10.58954/epj.v4i1.175.

[3] I. G. Sanjaya and T. Puspita, “Pengaruh Penambahan Khitosan dan Plasticizer Gliserol Pada Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable Dari Pati Limbah Kulit Singkong,” J. Jur. Tek. Kim. ITS. Surabaya., no. 2305100060, 2011.

[4] E. N. S. Alkhajar and A. R. Luthfia, "Daur ulang sampah plastik sebagai mitigasi perubahan iklim," Jurnal Penamas Adi Buana, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 61–64, 2020. [Online]. doi:10.36456/penamas.v4i1.2435

[5] S. Aripin, B. Saing, and E. Kustiyah, “Studi Pembuatan Bahan Alternatif Plastik Biodegradable Dari Pati Ubi Jalar Dengan Plasticizer Gliserol Dengan Metode Melt Intercalation,” J. Tek. Mesin, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 18, 2017,
doi: 10.22441/jtm.v6i2.1185.

[6] A. S. Nugroho, R. Rahmad, and S. Suhartoyo, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Sebagai Energy Alternatif,” Simetris J. Tek. Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komput., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2018, doi: 10.24176/simet.v9i1.1772.

[7] A. H. A. Radtra and S. Udjiana, “Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Dari Pati Limbah Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays) Dengan Penambahan Filler Kalsium Silikat Dan Kalsium Karbonat,” DISTILAT J. Teknol. Separasi, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 427–435, 2023,
doi: 10.33795/distilat.v7i2.243.

[8] A. Aulia, R. Azizah, L. Sulistyorini, and M. A. Rizaldi, “Literature Review: Dampak Mikroplastik Terhadap Lingkungan Pesisir, Biota Laut dan Potensi Risiko Kesehatan,” J. Kesehat. Lingkung. Indones., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 328–341, 2023,
doi: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.328-341.

[9] P. Purwaningrum, “Upaya Mengurangi Timbulan Sampah Plastik Di Lingkungan,” Indones. J. Urban Environ. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 141–147, 2016,
doi:10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v8i2.1421.

[10] I. D. G. A. Wiradipta, “Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Selulosa dari Tongkol Jagung,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 123, no. 10, pp. 2176–2181, 2017.

[11] A. F. Huwaidi and E. Supriyo, “Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable Pati Jagung Terplastisasi Sorbitol dengan Pengisi Selulosa dari Ampas Tebu,” Equilib. J. Chem. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 45–49, 2022,
doi: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.62552.

[12] S. Hidayati, A. S. Zuidar, and A. Ardiani, “Aplikasi Sorbitol Pada Produksi Biodegradable Film Dari Nata De Cassava,” vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 196–204, 2015,
doi: 10.14710/reaktor.15.3.195-203.

[13] R. N. Tharanathan, “Biodegradable films and composite coatings: Past, present and future,” Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 71–78, 2003,
doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00280-7.

[14] M. G. A. Vieira, M. A. Da Silva, L. O. Dos Santos, and M. M. Beppu, “Natural-based plasticizers and biopolymer films: A review,” Eur. Polym. J., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 254–263, 2011,
doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.12.011.

[15] A. Susanti, H. S. Kusuma, D. K. Zafira, A. B. Ilmi, I. E. Agustina, and L. B. A. Prayoga, “Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Biodegradable plastic Berbasis Campuran Pati dan Selulosa Dari Limbah Jagung,” Eksergi, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 49, 2021,
doi: 10.31315/e.v18i2.5341.

[16] F. Aulia, D. Priyanti, S. Inayah, D. U. Amalia, H. Susilaningtyas, and J. N. W. Karyadi, “Biodegradable Foam Berbahan Dasar Tongkol Jagung sebagai Eco-Friendly Packaging and Shipping Material,” no. September, pp. 0–15, 2021.

[17] M. Syahrir and M. Mahyati, “Pengolahan Limbah Tongkol Jagung Menjadi Asap Cair dengan Metode Pirolisis Lambat,” INTEK J. Penelit., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 69, 2019, doi: 10.31963/intek.v6i1.1209.

[18] M. Z. E. Sinaga, S. Gea, N. Panindia, and Y. A. Sihombing, “The preparation of cellulose nanocomposite film from isolated cellulose of corncobs as food packaging,” Orient. J. Chem., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 562–567, 2018,
doi: 10.13005/ojc/340166.

[19] E. H. Ramadhan and Hindun, “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa,” J. Bahasa, Sastra, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 43–54, 2023.

[20] P. A. P. Pasaribu and H. Simatupang, “Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terhadap Hasil dan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan di Kelas X MIA SMAN 6 Binjai TP 2018-2019,” J. Pembelajaran Dan Mat. Sigma, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10–17, 2020,
doi: 10.36987/jams.v6i1.1655.

[21] A. Aninda, A. Permanasari, and D. Ardianto, “Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi STEM Siswa SMA,” J. Sci. Educ. Pract., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2020, doi: 10.33751/jsep.v3i2.1719.

[22] S. P. Sari, U. Manzilatusifa, and S. Handoko, "Penerapan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kreatif peserta didik," Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Ekonomi Akuntansi, pp. 119–131, 2019.

[23] Kemendikbud, “Panduan Pengembangan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah (SD/MI, SMP/MTs, SMA/MA),” Kemendikbudristek, pp. 1–108, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://ditpsd.kemdikbud.go.id/hal/profil-pelajar-pancasila

[24] F. Hannum, M. Fairuz Arifin, and Dwikoranto, “Penerapan Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Karakter Pelajar Pancasila Dimensi Kreatif Peserta Didik,” INKUIRI J. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 101–109, 2023, doi: 10.20961/inkuiri.v12i2.73541.

[25] F. A. A. Masbukhin, S. S. Adji, and A. F. D. Wathi, “Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Chemistry Learning: Students’ Perceptions,” Eur. J. Educ. Pedagog., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 93–98, 2023, doi: 10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.1.567.

[26] N. L. M. M. Oktaviani, I. M. C. Wibawa, and P. N. Riastini, “Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model in the Pancasila Learning Profile of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students,” J. Lesson Learn. Stud., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 390–397, 2023, doi: 10.23887/jlls.v6i3.64908.

[27] M. Situmorang, M. Sinaga, M. Sitorus, and A. Sudrajat, “Implementation of Project-based Learning Innovation to Develop Students’ Critical Thinking Skills as a Strategy to Achieve Analytical Chemistry Competencies,” Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. S41–S51, 2022,
doi: 10.5530/ijper.56.1s.41.

[28] Widayanto and A. Farida, “Implementasi PjBL dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Pelajar Pancasila Materi Pembelajaran Pertumbuhan Makhluk Hidup Siswa Kelas IIIB MI Sunan Muria Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang,” J. Perspekt., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 227–235, 2022.

[29] M. Méheut and D. Psillos, “Teaching-learning sequences: Aims and tools for science education research,” Int. J. Sci. Educ., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 515–535, 2004, doi: 10.1080/09500690310001614762.

[30] J. Guisasola, K. Zuza, J. Ametller, and J. Gutierrez-Berraondo, “Evaluating and redesigning teaching learning sequences at the introductory physics level,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–14, 2017,
doi:10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.13.020139.

[31] H. F. Hsieh and S. E. Shannon, “Three approaches to qualitative content analysis,” Qual. Health Res., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1277–1288, 2005,
doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687.

[32] P. Mayring, “Qualitative Content Analysis,” IEEE Int. Symp. Ind. Electron., vol. 3, no. December, pp. 851–855, 2000.

[33] C. M.Yeng, S. Husseinsyah, & S. S. Ting, "Modified Corn Cob Filled Chitosan Biocomposite Films". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol.52 no.14,pp. 1496–1502, 2013.
doi: 10.1080/03602559.2013.820752

[34] E. M. Jepsen and P. J. N. de Bruyn, “Pinniped entanglement in oceanic plastic pollution: A global review,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 145, no. December 2018, pp. 295–305, 2019,
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.042.

[35] T. Y. Chong, M. C. Law, and Y. S. Chan, “The Potentials of Corn Waste Lignocellulosic Fibre as an Improved Reinforced Bioplastic Composites,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 363–381, 2021,
doi: 10.1007/s10924-020-01888-4.

[36] P. Kongklieng, T. Kobayashi, and S. Taokaew, “Elastic transparent lignocellulose bioplastics from corncob waste: positive effects of alkali treatment without bleaching process,” Biomass Convers. Biorefinery, 2023,
doi: 10.1007/s13399-023-04772-y.

[37] M. Buddhakala and N. Buddhakala, “Physical, Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Biodegradable Bioplastics from Polylactic Acid and Corncob Fibers with Added Nano Titanium Dioxide,” Trends Sci., vol. 20, no. 4, 2023,
doi: 10.48048/tis.2023.6473.

[38] M. Escamilla-García et al., “Properties and Biodegradability of Films Based on Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystals from Corn Cob in Mixture with Chitosan,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 23, no. 18, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijms231810560.

[39] M. B. Ihsan and Ratnawulan, “Effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Addition on the Quality of Biodegradable Plastic from Corn Cob,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 5117–5125, 2023,
doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.4010.

[40] S. Latif, M. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M. Ahmad, K. Al-Ahmary, & I. Ali, "Development of plumeria alba extract supplemented biodegradable films containing chitosan and cellulose derived from bagasse and corn cob waste for antimicrobial food packaging", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 266, p. 131262, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131262

[41] M. Brodin, M. Vallejos, M. T. Opedal, M. C. Area, and G. Chinga-Carrasco, “Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics – A review,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 162, pp. 646–664, 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.209.

[42] J. Yang, Y. C. Ching, and C. H. Chuah, “Applications of Lignocellulosic Fibers and Lignin in Bioplastics: A Review,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 11, pp. 1–26, 2019, doi: 10.3390/polym11050751.

[43] Y. Wang, W. Liu, L. Zhang, and Q. Hou, “Characterization and comparison of lignin derived from corncob residues to better understand its potential applications,” Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 134, pp. 20–27, 2019, |
oi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.013.

[44] Y. Fan and H. Ji, “Corncob Fractionations Toward Two Purposes: Furfural Production and Papermaking,” BioEnergy Res., vol. 17, no. 2024, pp. 359–368, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12155-023-10659-7.

[45] R. Dungani, M. Karina, Subyakto, A. Sulaeman, D. Hermawan, and A. Hadiyane, “Agricultural waste fibers towards sustainability and advanced utilization: A review,” Asian J. Plant Sci., vol. 15, no. 1–2, pp. 42–55, 2016,
doi: 10.3923/ajps.2016.42.55.

[46] S. D. Purwandari, A. Susanti, F. A. D. Suparno, and R. S. Aji, “Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dari Tongkol Jagung: Studi Kasus Desa Dawuhan Mangli, Kecamatan Sukowono, Jember, Indonesia,” War. Pengabdi., vol. 13, no. 4, p. 193, 2019,
doi: 10.19184/wrtp.v13i4.13849.

[47] Mukhlisien, Suhendrayatna, M. Montazeri, and H. Amar, “Kajian Pembuatan Film Plastik Biodegradable Dari Ekstrak Bonggol Jagung,” J. Inov. Ramah Lingkung., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15–19, 2021.

[48] W. Leal Filho et al., “Assessing Provisions and Requirements for the Sustainable Production of Plastics: Towards Achieving SDG 12 from the Consumers’ Perspective,” Sustain., vol. 14, no. 24, pp. 1–23, 2022,
doi: 10.3390/su142416542.

[49] R. Scaffaro, A. Maio, F. Sutera, E. ortunato Gulino, and M. Morreale, “Degradation and recycling of films based on biodegradable polymers: A short review,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 4, 2019,
doi: 10.3390/polym11040651.

[50] S. M. Emadian, T. T. Onay, and B. Demirel, “Biodegradation of bioplastics in natural environments,” Waste Manag., vol. 59, pp. 526–536, 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.006.

[51] M. O. Ramadhan and M. N. Handayani, “The potential of food waste as bioplastic material to promote environmental sustainability: A review,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 980, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/980/1/012082.

[52] R. Shogren, D. Wood, W. Orts, and G. Glenn, “Plant-based materials and transitioning to a circular economy,” Sustain. Prod. Consum., vol. 19, no. xxxx, pp. 194–215, 2019,
doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2019.04.007.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v9i3.90142

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share