Review of Ecosystem Learning Media and Directions for Website-Based Innovation

Jonanda Anugerah, Agus Efendi, Roemintoyo Roemintoyo

Abstract


Learning about ecosystems in high school biology is often abstract and difficult to visualize, so it requires interactive, accessible, and contextual learning media. This study aims to review various ecosystem learning media, analyze their validity, advantages, and limitations, and formulate directions for website-based development. A literature review was conducted on publications from 2020 to 2025 indexed in Google Scholar using Boolean operators. Of 183 initially identified articles, 39 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The results show a strong trend toward digitalization, with most media demonstrating high validity (80–92%). In terms of learning outcomes, e-books (N-Gain 0.78), printed modules/LKPD (N-Gain 0.70), and interactive multimedia (N-Gain 0.68) showed high gains, while gamification (N-Gain 0.44) showed moderate gains. However, website-based and AR/3D media remain underexplored, with no N-Gain data available, indicating a significant research gap despite their great potential. This review offers a priority-based framework and evidence-based recommendations for teachers, curriculum developers, and educational technology designers. The synthesis emphasizes the need to develop interactive websites with AR/3D integration and expand gamification to target higher-order thinking skills.

Keywords


biology education; ecosystem learning; learning media; website-based learning; literature review; high school

rticle

References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi.v19i2.114623

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