The Effect of Maltose-Sucrose Weight Ratio in Lozenges of Bajakah Root Ethanolic Extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) on Their Flavonoid Total Release, Physical, and Sensory Properties

Dian Eka Ermawati, Chaterine Turu' Padang, Sholichah Rohmani, Anif Nur Artanti

Abstract

Bajakah root ethanol extracts contain flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins as antioxidants that can inhibit tumor growth. However, consuming the pure extract as a supplement has an unpleasant odor and taste. Providing the extract as lozenges may give better taste, control the release of active substances, be absorbed in the oral mucosa, and avoid first-pass metabolism. Sucrose and corn syrup are the main components of lozenge fillers. This study evaluates the combination of maltose-sucrose on physicochemical properties, drug release, and taste acceptance. Bajakah roots were macerated in 50% ethanol (1:5 w/v) for three days, and the filtrate was evaporated. The extract contained 2.18% and 9.03% of flavonoids and tannins, respectively. The high proportion of sucrose increased hardness, sweet taste, pungent aroma, and better release of active substances, but did not affect the disintegration time. The maltose-sucrose weight ratio of 1:1 was selected because it met the requirements for lozenges based on the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI, having characteristics of a weight of 250 ± 9.93 mg; hardness of 9.30±2.08 kg; dissolution time of 10.48±4.26 minutes; and released 80% of active substances for 60 minutes. In addition, this formula is stable in storage and is most preferred by respondents.

Keywords

Bajakah root; lozenges; physical properties; flavonoids total; sensory test

Full Text:

PDF Supp. Info

References

Aidoo, R.P., Afoakwa, E.O., and Dewettinck, K., 2014. Optimization of Inulin and Polydextrose Mixtures as Sucrose Replacers during Sugar-Free Chocolate Manufacture – Rheological, Microstructure and Physical Quality Characteristics. Journal of Food Engineering, 126, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.036.

Alhawaris, A., 2023. Potency of Borneo Endemic and Typical Plants as Anti-Cancer Medicines. Jurnal Kesehatan Pasak Bumi Kalimantan, 5, 37–53. https://doi.org/10.30872/j.kes.pasmi.kal.v5i1.7440.

Allen, L. V, 2016. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding, fifth. ed. American Pharmacists Association, Washington DC.

Artanti, A.N., Prihapsara, F., Mas’ud, N., and Ermawati, D.E., 2021. Optimization of the Proportion of Surfactant, Co-Surfactant, and Candlenut Oil for Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Methanolic Extract. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 17, 124–131. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.1.39054.124-131.

Ayuchecaria, N., Alfiannor Saputera, M.M., and Niah, R., 2020. Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Visible. Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia, 3, 132–141. https://doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v3i1.478.

Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2008. Kembang Gula Lunak SNI 3547.2-2008. Department Perindustrian Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Banne, Y., Ulaen, S., and Lombeng, F., 2017. Uji Kekerasan, Keregasan, dan Waktu Hancur Beberapa Tablet Ranitidin. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Poltekkes Manado, 3, 74–78.

Chanwitheesuk, A., Teerawutgulrag, A., and Rakariyatham, N., 2005. Screening of Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Compounds of Some Edible Plants of Thailand. Food Chemistry, 92, 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.07.035.

Dewatisari, W.F., Rumiyanti, L., and Rakhmawati, I., 2018. Rendemen dan Skrining Fitokimia pada Ekstrak Daun Sanseviera Sp. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 17, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v17i3.336.

Ermawati, D.E., Andini, B.P., Prihapsara, F., Farida, Y., Rohmani, S., Kundarto, W., and Nugraheni, E.R., 2020. Optimization of Suweg Starch (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) and Lactose as Co-Processed Excipient of Ibuprofen-PEG 6000 Solid Dispersion of Effervescent Tablet. AIP Conference Proceedings, 020061. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0005632.

Ermawati, D.E., Rahmasari, M., and Susanto, N.C.A., 2023. The Effect Combination of Porang Tuber Starch-Manitol on the Physical Properties of Bajakah Root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Dried Aquous Extract Lozenges. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2556, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2556/1/012022.

Ermawati, D.E., Tambunan, R.R., and Darojati, U.A., 2024. The Effect of Combination of Porang Tuber Starch (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) with Lactose on the Physical Properties of Bajakah Root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Water Extract’s Tablet. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community, 21, 17–22. https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.005765.

Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, 2008. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.

Hamzah, H., Tunjung Pratiwi, S.U., Jabbar, A., Mochtar, C.F., Rahmah, W., and Hafifah, A.S., 2022. Tracing Antibiofilm Activity and Bifilm Eradication of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk) Ethanol Extract Against Pseuodomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm. European Chemical Bulletin, 11, 69–73. https://doi.org/10.31838/ecb/2022.11.08.011.

Harbertson, J.F., Hodgins, R.E., Thurston, L.N., Schaffer, L.J., Reid, M.S., Landon, J.L., Ross, C.F., and Adams, D.O., 2008. Variability of Tannin Concentration in Red Wines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59, 210–214. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2008.59.2.210.

Hasna, L.Z., Sehkhaemi, P., and Aviciena, M.A., 2021. Akar Kayu Bajakah dan Manfaatnya untuk Kesehatan. FoodTech: Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 4, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.26418/jft.v4i1.56637.

Mahfudh, N., Utami, D., Nashihah, S., Ahda, M., Andika, A., and Sabilla, G.A., 2024. Variability and Pharmacological Potential of Bajakah (Spatholobus Sp.) as an Indigenous Medicinal Plant: A Review. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 13, 1470–1479. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i3.23791.

Meilgaard, M.C., Carr, B.T., and Civille, G.V., 1999. Sensory Evaluation Techniques. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003040729.

Miller, E., and Hartel, R.W., 2015. Sucrose Crystallization in Caramel. Journal of Food Engineering, 153, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.028.

Mursyid, A.M., and Dahlia, A.A., 2018. Formulasi Hazard Candy Lozanges Dari Ekstrak Bubuk Siwak (Salvadora Persica L.) Untuk Mengatasi Bau Mulut. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 5, 293–298. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v5i2.343.

Nastiti, K., and Nugraha, D.F., 2022. Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Kayu Bajakah (Spatholobus Littoralis Hask). Jurnal Surya Medika, 7, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i2.3202.

Patil, B.S., and Pike, L.M., 1995. Distribution of Quercetin Content in Different Rings of Various Coloured Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science, 70, 643–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1995.11515338.

Putra, D.K., Nastiti, K., Rahmadani, R., and Rohama, R., 2023. Profil GCMS Senyawa Kimia Jamur Endofit Batang Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) dan Potensinya Sebagai Antioksidan. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3, 7907–7914.

Ridhani, M.A., and Aini, N., 2021. Potensi Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Gula Terhadap Sifat Sensori dan Fisikokimia Roti Manis. Pasundan Food Technology Journal, 8, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.23969/pftj.v8i3.4106.

Rousdy, D.W., and Wardoyo, E.R.P., 2023. In Vitro Antiinflammatory Activity of Bajakah (Spatholobus Littoralis) Stem Extract. Journal of Biology and Builogy Education, 15, 150–157. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i2.36227.

Rusdiah, R., Nurhayati, G.S., and Stiani, S.N., 2021. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Tablet dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus Merr.) dengan Menggunakan Metode Granulasi Basah. Jurnal Medika and Sains, 1, 45–65.

Salsabila, H., Febriyanti, R., and Amananti, W., 2023. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Infudasi Akar Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) dan Kalalawit (Uncaria gambir Roxb) dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Crystal: Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya, 5, 22–29. https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v5i1.2583.

Sari, A.N., Hamidah, S., Thamrin, G.A.R., and Arifin, Y.F., 2022. The Effect of the Size of the Red Bajakah Powder (Uncaria Acida (Hunter) Roxb) on the Quality of the Tea Produced. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 10, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.22271/flora.2022.v10.i6a.845.

Suplemen I Farmakope Indonesia, sixth ed., 2020. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.

Voight, B., and Davis, M.J., 2000. Emplacement Temperatures of the November 22, 1994 Nuée Ardente Deposits, Merapi Volcano, Java. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00146-3.

Williams, R.L., Foster, T.S., Dressman, J.B., Shah, V.P., and Gray, V., 2004. Dissolution: A Continuing Perspective. Dissolution Technologies, 11, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.14227/DT110304P6.

Wulandari, W., Ermawati, D.E., and Yugatama, A., 2019. Optimization SNEDDS (Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) of ZnO That Dispersed into Hydrogel Matrix as UV-Protective. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 578, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012058.

Zaini, A.N., and Gozali, D., 2016. Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Stabilitas Obat Sediaan Suspensi. Farmaka, 14, 1–13.

Zhang, Q., Zhao, J.J., Xu, J., Feng, F., and Qu, W., 2015. Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Uncaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 173, 48–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.2.95035.241-250

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.