Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Gliserol pada Ekstraksi Glukomanan dari Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)
Abstract
Kandungan glukomanan yang tinggi pada umbi tanaman porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) telah menjadikannya sebagai salah satu sumber glukomanan potensial di Indonesia. Glukomanan yang dikenal dengan kandungan gulanya yang rendah, dapat menjadi makanan pengganti beras yang sehat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada ekstraksi glukomanan menggunakan gliserol, penentuan kadar proksimat, dan penilaian kadar kalsium oksalat dalam glukomanan. Gliserol cairan yang tidak berwarna, tidak berbau, berasa manis, dan tidak beracun, digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi. Ekstraksi glukomanan melibatkan maserasi dengan berbagai konsentrasi gliserol (45, 65, dan 85% v/v). Proses maserasi dilakukan dengan pengadukan pada 12.000 rpm selama 1 jam, diulang dua kali, dan diikuti dengan tiga kali pencucian dengan air suling. Untuk mengurangi kadar kalsium oksalat pada umbi porang, dilakukan perendaman dalam larutan NaCl 10% dan 20% (b/v) pada suhu 80°C selama 30 menit. Konsentrasi gliserol 85% (v/v) memberikan hasil yang optimal untuk ekstraksi glukomanan, menghasilkan glukomanan dengan kandungan 61,2%. Analisis proksimat menunjukkan glukomanan dengan kadar lemak 0,29%; protein 2,33%; karbohidrat 9,41%; air 9,40%; dan abu 2,08%. Konsentrasi NaCl yang paling efektif untuk menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat adalah 20%, yang menghasilkan penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat sebesar 88,44%.
Effect of Glycerol Concentration Variation on Glucomannan Extraction from Porang Tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus). Due to the high glucomannan content in its tubers, the porang plant (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) emerges as a potential glucomannan source in Indonesia. Glucomannan, known for its low sugar content, can serve as a healthy rice substitute. This study focuses on glucomannan extraction using glycerol, determining proximate levels, and assessing calcium oxalate levels in glucomannan. Glycerol, a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, and non-toxic liquid, was employed in the extraction process. Glucomannan extraction involved maceration with varying glycerol concentrations (45, 65, and 85% v/v). Maceration, accompanied by stirring at 12,000 rpm for 1 hour, was repeated twice, followed by three washes with distilled water. To reduce calcium oxalate levels in porang tubers, soaking using 10% and 20% (w/v) NaCl solution at 80°C for 30 minutes was carried out. An 85% (v/v) glycerol concentration yielded optimal results for glucomannan extraction, producing glucomannan with a content of 61.2%. Proximate analysis indicated glucomannan with 0.29% fat, 2.33% protein, 9.41% carbohydrates, 9.40% water, and 2.08% ash content. The most effective NaCl concentration for reducing calcium oxalate content was 20%, resulting in an 88.44% reduction in calcium oxalate levels
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Becker, L. C., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Gill, L. J., and Heldreth, B., 2019. Safety Assessment of Glycerin as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 38, 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819883820.
Devaraj, R. D., Reddy, C. K., and Xu, B., 2019. Health-Promoting Effects of Konjac Glucomannan and Its Practical Applications: A Critical Review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126, 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.203.
Ermawati, Y., Winarsi, S., and Harini, N., 2019. The Characteristic of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Purification Use Ethanol and The Application as Subtitution Agent on Chicken Sausage. Food Technology and Halal Science Journal, 1, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.22219/fths.v1i1.7545.
Fatmawati, S., Nurgraheni, B., and Setyani, D. K., 2016. Ekstraksi Berbantu Ultrasonik Dan Penetapan Kadar Glukomanan Dalam Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus Prain Ex Hook.F.). Media Farmasi Indonesia, 11, 1075–1083.
Felix da Silva, D., Ogawa, C. Y. L., Sato, F., Neto, A. M., Larsen, F. H., and Matumoto-Pintro, P. T., 2020. Chemical and Physical Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-Based Powders by FT-IR and 13C MAS NMR. Powder Technology, 361, 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.11.071.
Gaol, R. A. L., Nurminah, M., and Nainggolan, R. J., 2020. Effect of Blanching Time and Sodium Metabisulphite Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of Jackfruit Seed Flour ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) Effect of Blanching Time and Sodium Metabisulphite Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of J. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 454, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012109.
Indriyani, S., Mastuti, R., and Anna, R., 2010. Kandungan Oksalat Umbi Porang ( Amorphopallus muelleri Blume Syn. A. Oncophyllyus Prain). Penelitian Hayati Edisi Khusus, 2, 99–102.
Kurniawati, A. D., and Widjanarko, S. B. 2010. Pengaruh Tingkat Pencucian Dan Lama Kontak Dengan Etanol Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia Tepung Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus). Thesis Magister. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3850.0083
Mohammadpour, S., Amini, M. R., Shahinfar, H., Tijani, A. J., Shahavandi, M., Ghorbaninejad, P., Djafarian, K., and Shab-Bidar, S. 2020. Effects of glucomannan supplementation on weight loss in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Medicine, 19, 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100276.
Muhammad, S., Syah, I. T., Xyzquolyna, 2021. Increasing Flour Whiteness Index on Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Flour Production by Sodium Metabisulfite. International Journal of Agriculture and Business, 2, 9–18. https://doi.org/10.31605/anjoro.v2i1.929.
Nguyen, T. A., Do, T. T., Nguyen, T. H., Vu, T. H., Vu, T. M. T., and Lai, T. T. T., 2016. Characterization of Glucomannan From Amorphophallus Panomensis in Vietnam. Journal of Science and Technology, 54, 224–230. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/2/6384.
Nugraheni, B., Pramitaningastuti, A. S., and Advistasari, Y. D., 2018. Identifikasi Dan Analisis Kandungan Makronutrien Glukomanan Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Onchophyllus). Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik, 15, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v15i2.2570.
Nurlela, Andriani, D., and Arizal, R., 2020. Extraction of Glucomannan from Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Flour Using Ethanol. Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia, 14, 88–98.
Nurlela, Ariesta, N., Laksono, D. S., Santosa, E., and Muhandri, T., 2021. Characterization of Glucomannan Extracted from Fresh Porang Tubers Using Ethanol Technical Grade. Molekul, 16, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.1.632.
Nurlela, N., Ariesta, N., Santosa, E., and Muhandri, T., 2022. Physicochemical Properties of Glucomannan Isolated from Fresh Tubers of Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume by a Multilevel Extraction Method. Food Research, 6, 345–353. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(4).580.
Pambudi, A. Y., Harijati, N., and Arumingtyas, E. L., 2020. Physiological and Genetic Variations of Amorphophallus Variabilis in Bojonegoro Based on Glucomannan Content , Calcium Oxalate and RAPD Markers. Journal of Experimental Life Science, 10, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2019.010.01.09.
Patocka, J., and Kuca, K., 2012. Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols. Military Medical Science Letters, 81, 142–163. https://doi.org/10.31482/mmsl.2012.022.
Perri, D., Klimaszyk, D., Kolacinski, Z., and Szajewski, J., 2014. McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine. Medycyna Praktyczna: Krakow.
Rofi’ana, Suedy, S. W. A., and Parman, S., 2018. Effect of Soaking of NaCl Solution on Reduction of Calcium Oxalate and Size of Amylum on Purple Yam (Dioscorea Alata L.). NICHE Journal of Tropical Biology, 1, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.14710/niche.1.1.%25p.
Romsiah, and Purnamasari, A., 2019. Penetapan Kadar Protein Pada Yoghurt Kemasan Yang Dijual Di Hypermart Kota Palembang Dengan Metode Kjeldahl. Jurnal Ilmiah Bakti Farmasi, 4, 23–28.
Sarifudin, A., Ratnawati, L., Indrianti, N., Ekafitri, R., Sholichah, E., Afifah, N., Desnilasari, D., Nugroho, P., and Yuniar, A. D., 2022. Evaluation of Some Analytical Methods for Determination of Calcium Oxalate in Amorphophallus Muelleri Flour. Food Science and Technology, 42, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.09522.
Sutriningsih, A., and Ariani, N. L., 2017. Efektivitas Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophillus) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Daran Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Care, 5, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.33366/cr.v5i1.388.
Wang, L., Lee, A., Yuan, Y., Wang, X., and Lu, T., 2020. Preparation and FT-IR , Raman and SEM Characterizations of Konjac Glucomannan-KCl Electrogels. Food Chemistry, 331, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127289.
Wardani, R. K., and Arifiyana, D., 2020. The Effect of Soaking Time and Temperature of Acetic Acid Solution to the De-Crease of Calcium Oxalate Levels in Porang Tubers. 1st International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2020, 145–149. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2020.0522.
Wardani, R. K., and Handrianto, P., 2019. Pengaruh Perendaman Umbi Porang Dalam Sari Buah Belimbing Wuluh Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kalsium Oksalat. IPTEK, 4, 105–109. https://doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v4i2.148.
Wardhani, D. H., Nugroho, F., Muslihudin, M., and Aryanti, N., 2016. Application of Response Surface Method on Purification of Glucomannan from Amorphophallus Oncophyllus by Using 2-Propanol. Scientific Study and Research: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry, 17, 63–74.
Wardhani, D. H., Rahayu, L. H., Cahyono, H., and Ulya, H. L., 2020. Purification of Glucomannan of Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) Flour Using Combination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Reaktor, 20, 203–209. https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.4.203-209.
Widari, N. S., and Rasmito, A., 2018. Penurunan Kadar Kalsium Oksalat Pada Umbi Porang (Amorphopallus Oncophillus) Dengan Proses Pemanasan Di Dalam Larutan NaCl. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 13, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.33005/tekkim.v13i1.1144.
Yanuriati, A., Marseno, D. W., Rochmadi, R., and Harmayani, E., 2017. Characteristics of Glucomannan Isolated from Fresh Tuber of Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume). Carbohydrate Polymers, 156, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.080.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.