Perbandingan Penggunaan Katalis Alam (Zeolit dan Bentonit) dalam Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Komersil

Nila Tanyela Berghuis, Mutaqqin Mutaqqin, Farid Imam Hidayat, Sugianto Sugianto, Harbi Pratama, Anggun Kirana, David Aji Rifaldi, Abelia Jesica, Paradigma Maulana, Afif Thufail

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan suatu senyawa metil ester berantai panjang yang mengandung asam lemak yang diperoleh melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. Bahan bakar alternatif ini dapat disintesis dari minyak goreng komersial dengan bantuan katalis. Katalis basa sering digunakan dalam reaksi transesterifikasi pada sintesis biodiesel. Penggunaan katalis akan meningkatkan persentase dari produk biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Katalis berfasa solid atau padat menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk memudahkan proses pemisahan produk akhir reaksi dengan katalis. Katalis fasa padat yang dapat digunakan adalah zeolit dan bentonit alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kinerja katalis zeolit dan bentonit yang telah diaktivasi terhadap produksi biodiesel dengan bahan dasar minyak goreng komersial serta menentukan rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel melalui penggunaan katalis alam. Aktivasi dengan KOH dapat meningkatkan aktivitas katalisis dengan memperbesar luas permukaan dari katalis alam (bentonit dan zeolit). Analisis FTIR dan XRD terhadap katalis alam, pemurnian, aktivasi dan recycle menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur kristalin dari katalis yang digunakan. Rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel melalui penggunaan katalis bentonit dan zeolit berturut-turut adalah 91,75% dan 86,05%. Berdasarkan data persen rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel, maka penggunaan katalis bentonit lebih baik di bandingkan dengan katalis zeolit. Analisis spektrum FTIR dari sintesis biodiesel yang berasal dari minyak jelantah menunjukkan hilangnya gugus OH yang memastikan bahwa reaksi transesterifikasi terjadi. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 04-7182-2006. Massa jenis biodiesel yang diproduksi menggunakan zeolit dan bentonit sebesar 868,54 kg/m3 dan 863,50 kg/m3. Sementara itu, viskositas biodiesel yang dihasilkan menggunakan zeolit dan bentonit berturut-turut sebesar 2,92 mm2/s dan 2,58 mm2/s.

Comparison of Using Natural Catalysts (Zeolite and Bentonite) in Biodiesel Synthesis from Commercial Cooking Oil. Biodiesel is a long-chain methyl ester compound that contains fatty acids obtained through a transesterification reaction. This alternative fuel can be synthesized from commercial cooking oil with the help of a catalyst. Base catalysts are often used in transesterification reactions in biodiesel synthesis. Using a catalyst will increase the percentage of the biodiesel product produced. Solid or solid-phase catalysts are the right choice to facilitate separating the final reaction product from a catalyst. Solid-phase catalysts that can be used are zeolite and natural bentonite. This study aims to determine the effect of activated zeolite and bentonite catalysts on biodiesel production using commercial cooking oil as a base material and determine biodiesel synthesis yield using natural catalysts. The catalyst activation with KOH can increase catalytic activity by increasing the surface area of natural catalysts. FTIR and XRD analysis of natural catalysts, purification, activation, and recycling showed a change in the crystalline structure of the catalyst used. The yield of biodiesel synthesis by using bentonite catalyst was 91.75%. Meanwhile, the use of zeolite catalysts produced 86.05% biodiesel. Based on the percent yield data from biodiesel synthesis, the use of bentonite catalyst is better than zeolite catalyst. FTIR spectrum analysis of biodiesel synthesis from used cooking oil showed the loss of the OH group, which confirmed that the transesterification reaction occurred. The quality of the biodiesel produced meets the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2006. The biodiesel densities produced using zeolite and bentonite are 868.54 kg/m3 and 863.50 kg/m3. Meanwhile, the biodiesel viscosities produced using zeolite and bentonite are 2.92 mm2/s and 2.58 mm2/s, respectively.

Keywords

bentonite; biodiesel; commercial cooking oil; transesterification reaction; zeolite.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.57616.174-182

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