Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Antosianin dari Limbah Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) sebagai Zat Pemeka (Sensitizer) pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Risna Erni Yati Adu, Gebhardus Gelyaman, Marlince Kabosu

Abstract

Fabrikasi DSSC dengan menggunakan sensitizer zat warna sintetik yang mahal dan susah diperoleh dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan zat warna alami dari limbah biomassa kulit bawang merah. Penelitian tentang ekstraksi antosianin dari limbah kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa) dan pemanfaatannya sebagai zat pemeka (sensitizer) pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik warna ekstrak antosianin dalam limbah kulit bawang merah dan potensinya sebagai zat pemeka dalam DSSC. Antosianin dalam limbah kulit bawang merah diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dengan penambahan asam (ET) dan etanol tanpa penambahan asam (ETT). Ekstrak kulit bawang merah dikarakterisasi serapan warna dan gugus fungsinya dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 200 nm – 800 nm dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) pada bilangan gelombang 4000 cm-1 – 500 cm-1. Selanjutnya DSSC difabrikasi dan efisiensi DSSC ditentukan melalui perhitungan tegangan dan kuat arus yang terukur oleh multimeter. Hasil karakterisasi warna menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit bawang merah baik dengan pelarut etanol terasamkan dan tidak terasamkan memiliki serapan maksimum pada panjang gelombang UV dengan serapan utama pada panjang gelombang 221, 251, 291 dan 366 nm. Spektrum FTIR ekstrak kulit bawang menunjukkan serapan khas gugus fungsi pada molekul antosianin pada rentang bilangan gelombang 3418 cm-1– 3375 cm-1 untuk gugus –OH, 2842 cm-1 – 2959 cm-1 untuk C–H alifatik, 1635 cm-1 – 1668 dan 714 cm-1 masing-masing untuk C=C dan C–H aromatic, 1040 cm-1– 1091 cm-1 untuk C–O–C dan 1198 cm-1– 1122 cm-1 untuk C–O alkohol. Hasil pengujian efisiensi sel menunjukkan bahwa sel DSSC yang difabrikasi menggunakan ekstrak etanol TT memiliki nilai efisiensi yang lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,0491%.

The Application of Anthocyanins Extracts from Red Onion Peel  Waste (Allium cepa) as a Sensitizer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). DSSC fabrication using synthetic dye sensitizers which are expensive and difficult to obtain can be overcome by utilizing natural dyes from onion peel. Anthocyanin extraction from red onion peel (Allium cepa) and its use as a sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the color characteristics of anthocyanin extract in onion peel waste and its potential as a sensitizer. Anthocyanin in onion peel waste was extracted using 95% ethanol as a solvent with acid (ET) and ethanol without acid (ETT). The color absorption and functional groups of onion peel extract were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 200 nm – 800 nm wavelength and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) at wavenumber of 4000 cm-1 – 500 cm-1. Furthermore, DSSC was fabricated, and an efficiency value was achieved by calculating the voltage and current measured by the multimeter. Onion peel extract has maximum absorption in acidified and unacidified ethanol at UV wavelengths, with the main absorption at 221, 251, 291, and 366 nm. The FTIR spectrum of onion peel extract shows typical absorption of functional groups in anthocyanin at wavenumbers of 3418 cm-1 – 3375 cm-1 for the –OH group, 2842 cm-1– 2959 cm-1 for aliphatic CH, 1635 cm-1–1668 cm-1, and 714 cm-1 for C=C and C–H aromatics, respectively. The absorption band at 1040 cm-1– 1091 cm-1 and 1198 cm-1 – 1122 cm-1 correspond to C–O–C and C–O alcohol. DSSC cells fabricated using unacidified ethanol extract have the highest efficiency of 0.0491%.

Keywords

anthocyanin; extraction; red onion peel; solar cell; sensitizer.

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