Adsorpsi Metilen Biru oleh Abu Layang Batu Bara yang Teraktivasi Menggunakan Proses Hidrotermal dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro

Arum Mawar Wati, F Widhi Mahatmanti, Jumaeri Jumaeri, Agung Tri Prasetya

Abstract

Metilen biru (MB) merupakan pewarna kationik yang paling sering digunakan sebagai zat warna, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah lingkungan perairan dan bersifat toksik. Abu layang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben karena memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan dan kelimpahannya sebagai limbah yang perlu dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik abu layang dan mengetahui kondisi optimum proses adsorpsi MB oleh abu layang yang diaktivasi. Abu layang diaktivasi secara kimia dengan NaOH dan secara fisika menggunakan gelombang mikro (AMW) dan aktivasi hidrotermal dengan bantuan gelombang mikro (AHMW). Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, adsorben AMW dan AHMW memiliki gugus fungsi yaitu gugus O‒H pada pita 3435 cm-1 dan 3435,16 cm-1, gugus T‒O‒T (T=Si atau Al) pada pita 10039,20 cm-1 dan 1007,82 cm-1, dan gugus O‒Si‒O atau Al‒O‒Al pada pita 772,5 cm-1 dan 720,62 cm-1. Hasil difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan puncak yang khas yaitu Quartz (SiO2) pada 2θ 16° dan 21° dan Mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) 33° dan 40° pada kedua adsorben. AMW memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 37,87 m2/g dan AHMW sebesar 53,76 m2/g dengan SAA. Kedua adsorben terklasifikasi sebagai material mesopori dengan ukuran diameter pori 2,32 nm dan 19,10 nm. Adsorpsi MB oleh AMW optimum pada pH 9 selama 90 menit, AHMWoptimum pada pH 9 selama 120 menit dengan konsentrasi awal optimum 200 mg/L pada keduanya. Hasil kinetika adsorpsi metilen biru menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola kinetika pseudo orde dua Ho dan McKay dengan nilai k2 masing-masing sebesar 0,0429 dan 0,0116 g mg-1 min‑1. Kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan abu layang tanpa aktivasi sebesar 3,59 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir berturut-turut sebesar 37,87 dan 53,76 mg/g.

Methylene Blue Adsorption by Activated Coal Fly Ash Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Process. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye that is most often used as a dye, that can cause aquatic environmental problems and is toxic. Fly ash can be used as an adsorbent because of its environmentally friendly properties and its abundance as waste that needs to be utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of fly ash and to determine the optimum conditions for the MB adsorption process by activated fly ash. Fly ash is activated chemically with NaOH and physically using microwaves (AMW) and hydrothermal activation with the help of microwaves (AHMW). The results of characterization using FTIR, two adsorbents have functional groups, namely O‒H groups in the 3435 cm-1 and 3435.16 cm-1 bands, T‒O‒T groups (T=Si or Al) in the 10039.20 cm-1 and 1007.82 cm-1, and O‒Si‒O or Al‒O‒Al groups in the bands 772.5 cm-1 and 720.62 cm-1. The results of the X-ray diffractogram showed typical peaks, namely Quartz (SiO2) at 2θ 16° and 21° and Mullite (3Al2O3. 2SiO2) 33° and 40° on both adsorbents. AMW has a surface area of 37.87 m2/g and AHMW is 53.76 m2/g with SAA. Both adsorbents are classified as mesoporous materials with pore diameters of 2.32 nm and 19.10 nm. The optimum adsorption of MB by AMW was at pH 9 for 90 minutes, AHMW was optimum at pH 9 for 120 minutes with the optimum initial concentration of 200 mg/L in both. The results of methylene blue adsorption kinetics using AMW and AHMW followed the pseudo second order kinetic pattern of Ho and McKay with k2 values of 0.0429 and 0.0116 g mg-1min-1. MB adsorption capacity in fly ash without activation was 3.59 mg/g, while its adsorption capacity in AMW and AHMW were respectively 37.87 and 53.76 mg/g, which follow the Langmuir isotherm pattern.

 

Keywords

fly ash; adsorption; microwave; methylene blue.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69

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