Enkapsulasi dan Karakterisasi Pelepasan Terkendali Pupuk NPK Menggunakan Kitosan Yang Ditaut Silang Dengan Glutaraldehida

Jayanudin Jayanudin, Retno Sulistyo D Lestari

Abstract

Pelepasan terkendali pupuk NPK bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan unsur hara tanaman dan juga untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi larutan kitosan dan glutaraldehida terhadap yield dan daya serap mikrokapsul pupuk NPK. Tujuan lain adalah menentukan karakterisasi dan analisis release pupuk NPK dari mikrokapsul dan juga menghitung kinetika release. Mikrokapsul pupuk NPK dipreparasi dengan mencampurkan pupuk NPK cair ke dalam larutan kitosan, kemudian campuran tersebutkan diteteskan ke dalam larutan glutaraldehida sambil diaduk. Mikrokapsul pupuk NPK yang terbentuk dicuci menggunakan petroleum eter dilanjutkan dengan heksana dan dikeringkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi larutan kitosan dan glutaraldehida menghasilkan peningkatan yield, menurunkan daya serap air, dan menurunkan pupuk NPK yang release dari mikrokapsul pupuk NPK. Model kinetika release yang sesuai berdasarkan tingginya nilai R2 adalah model order satu dan model Higuchi didapat dari mikrokapsul pupuk NPK yang dipreparasi dengan 1% (b/v) larutan kitosan dan 5% (v/v) larutan glutaraldehida. 


Encapsulation and Characterization of Controlled Release of NPK Fertilizer Using Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan. Controlled release NPK fertilizer aims to improve the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of plants and also to reduce environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of chitosan and glutaraldehyde solutions on the yield and absorptive ability of NPK fertilizer microcapsules. Another objective was to determine the characterization and analysis of NPK fertilizer releases from microcapsules and also to calculate the release kinetics. NPK fertilizer microcapsules were prepared by mixing liquid NPK fertilizer into a chitosan solution, and then the mixture was dripped into a glutaraldehyde solution while stirring.  NPK fertilizer microcapsules formed were washed using petroleum ether, followed by hexane and dried. The results showed that an increase inthe concentration of chitosan and glutaraldehyde solutions resulted in an increase in yield, decreased water absorbency, and lower NPK fertilizer released from microcapsules. The appropriate release kinetics models based on the higher R2 value were the first-order model and the Higuchi model obtained from microcapsules of NPK fertilizer that was prepared with 1% (w/v) chitosan solution and 5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution.

Keywords

glutaraldehida; kinetika release; kitosan; mikrokapsul; pupuk NPK

Full Text:

PDF

References

Chen, M., Li, Z., Huang, P., Li, X., Qu, J., Yuan, W., and Zhang, Q., 2018. Mechanochemical Transformation of Apatite to Phosphoric Slow-Release Fertilizer and Soluble Phosphate. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 144, 91-96. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2017.12.008.

Danarto, Y.C., Nugrahey, A., and Noviani, S.M., 2017. Kinetika Slow Release Pupuk Urea Berlapis Chitosan Termodifikasi. Equilibrium 1(2), 1-5.

Dash, S, Murthy, P.N., Nath, L., and Chowdhury, P., 2010, Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 67(3), 217–23.

Dinarvand, R., Mahmoodi, S., Farboud, E., Salehi, M., and Atyabi, F., 2005. Preparation of Gelatin Microspheres Containing Lactic Acid–Effect of Cross-Linking on Drug Release, Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) 55 (1), 57–67.

Dini, E., Alexandridou, S., and Kiparissides, C., 2003. Synthesis and Characterization of Cross-Linked Chitosan Microspheres for Drug Delivery Applications. Journal of microencapsulation 20, 375–385. doi: 10.3109/02652040309178076.

Dozie-Nwachukwu, S.O., Danyuo, Y., Obayemi, J.D., Odusanya, O.S., Malatesta, K., and Soboyejo, W.O., 2017. Extraction and Encapsulation of Prodigiosin in Chitosan Microspheres for Targeted Drug Delivery. Materials Science and Engineering C 71, 268–278. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.078.

El-Nashar, D.E., Rozik, N.N., Soliman, A.M., and Helaly, F., 2016. Study The Release Kinetics of Curcumin Released from PVA/Curcumin Composites and Its Evaluation Towards Hepatocarcinoma. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 6(7), 67-72. doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2016.60710.

Gonçalves, V.L., Laranjeira, M.C.M., and Fávere, V.T., 2005, Effect of Crosslinking Agents on Chitosan Microspheres in Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium, Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia 15(1), 6-12. doi: 10.1590/S0104-14282005000100005.

Guo, H., White, J.C., Wang, Z., and Xing, B., 2018. Nano-Enabled Fertilizers to Control The Release and Use Efficiency of Nutrients. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 6, 77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.coesh.2018.07.009.

Guo, M., Liu, M., Liang, R., and Niu, A., 2006. Granular Urea-Formaldehyde Slow-Release Fertilizer with Superabsorbent and Moisture Preservation. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 99(6), 3230-3235. doi: 10.1002/app.22892.

Himmah, N.I.F,, Djajakirana, G., and Darmawan, D. 2018. Nutrient Release Performance of Starch Coated NPK Fertilizers and Their Effects on Corn Growth. SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 15(2), 104-114. doi: 10.15608/stjssa.v15i2.19694.

Hussain, M.R., Devi, R.R., and Maji, T.K., 2012. Controlled Release of Urea from Chitosan Microspheres Prepared by Emulsification and Cross-Linking Method. Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition) 21(8), 473-479. doi: 10.1007/s13726-012-0051-0.

Jing, W., Song, L., Yukun, Q., Xiaolin, C., Rong’e, X., Huahua, Y., Kecheng, L., and Pengcheng, L., 2017. Preparation and Characterization of Controlled-Release Fertilizers Coated with Marine Polysaccharide Derivatives. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 35, 1086. doi: 10.1007/s00343-017-6074-9.

Jayanudin., Fahrurrozi, M., Wirawan, S.K., and Rochmadi. 2018. Controlled Release Evaluation of Red Ginger Oleoresin Encapsulation using Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11(8), 3431-3436. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00633.9.

Jayanudin., Fahrurrozi, M., Wirawan, S.K., and Rochmadi. 2019a. Antioxidant Activity and Controlled Release Analysis of Red Ginger Oleoresin (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) Encapsulated in Chitosan Cross-Linked by Glutaraldehyde Saturated Toluene. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 12, 100132. doi: 10.1016/j.scp.2019.100132.

Jayanudin., Fahrurrozi, M., Wirawan, S.K., and Rochmadi. 2019b. Mathematical Modeling of The Red Ginger Oleoresin Release from Chitosan-Based Microcapsules Using Emulsion Crosslinking Method. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 22(2) 458-467. doi: 10.1016/j.scp.2019.100132.

Li, B., Shan, C.L., Zhou, Q., Fang, Y., Wang, T.L., Xu, F., Han, L.R., Ibrahim, M., Guo, L.B., Xie, G.L., and Sun, G.C., 2013. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Cross-Linked Chitosan-Glutaraldehyde. Marine Drugs 11, 1534-1552. doi: 10.3390/md11051534.

Liang, R and Liu, M. 2006. Preparation and Properties of Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer with Slow Release and Water Retention. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45(25), 8610-8616. doi: 10.1021/ie060705v.

Olad, A., Zebhi, H., Salari, D., Mirmohseni, A., and Reyhani Tabar, A., 2018. Slow-Release NPK Fertilizer Encapsulated by Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite with The Function of Water Retention in Soil. Materials Science & Engineering C 90, 333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.083.

Patel, K.S..and Patel, M.B., 2014. Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan Microspheres Containing Nicorandil, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 4(1), 32–37. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.127738

Perez, J.J, and Francois, N.J., 2016. Chitosan-Starch Beads Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation as Potential Matrices for Controlled Release of Fertilizers. Carbohydrate Polymers 148, 134-142. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.054

Pramono, E., Purnawan, C., Hidayat, Y., Wulansari, J., and Wahyuningsih, S., 2014. Composite of Chitosan Vanilin/Sulfonated Polystyrene As Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: Cationic Exchange Capacity, Swelling Degree and Thermal Properties. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10(2), 116-129. doi: 10.20961/alchemy.10.2.55.116-129.

Savana, R.T and Maharani, D.K., 2018. Analisis Komposisi Unsur Pupuk Lepas Lambat Kitosan-Silika- Glutaraldehid. Unesa Journal of Chemistry 7(1), 21-24.

Sempeho, S.I., Kim, H.T., Mubofu, E., and Hilonga, A., 2014. Meticulous Overview on the Controlled Release Fertilizers. Advances in Chemistry 2014, 1-16. doi: 10.1155/2014/363071

Wu, L., and Liu, M., 2008. Preparation and Properties of Chitosan-Coated NPK Compound Fertilizer with Controlled release and Water-Retention. Carbohydrate Polymers 72(2), 240–247. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34711.110-125

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.