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Modifikasi Zeolit Alam Ende dengan Garam Logam serta Potensinya Sebagai Katalis Transformasi Glukosa Menjadi 5-Hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF)
Abstract
Ketersediaan biomassa yang melimpah berpotensi menjadi bahan baku dalam pembuatan bahan bakar atau senyawa kimia lain. Salah satu senyawa penyusun biomassa, yaitu glukosa, berpotensi diubah menjadi berbagai senyawaan kimia melalui pembentukan senyawa antara furan. Senyawa furan yang menjadi sasaran pada penelitian ini ialah 5-hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) yang juga memerlukan katalis dalam proses pembentukkannya dari glukosa. Katalis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah katalis heterogen dari zeolit alam Ende yang mengemban lima jenis ion logam dengan konsentrasi 1 − 3% (b/v). Pengembanan logam dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan aktivitas katalitik zeolit dengan dan tanpa ion logam, dan sebagai model pemanfaatan zeolit alam yang telah difungsikan sebagai adsorben logam. Pengembanan logam dilakukan dengan metode pertukaran ion sebagai representasi dari proses adsorpsi. Transformasi glukosa menjadi HMF dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada suhu 180 °C dalam pelarut aseton:air (2:1) (v/v) dengan perbandingan substrat:katalis 15:1 (b/b). Zeolit alam Ende dalam bentuk asam dapat membantu transformasi glukosa dengan rendemen HMF 24,86%, sementara logam Cr saja menghasilkan rendemen 44,37%. Zeolit yang diembankan logam Cr menghasilkan rendemen 32,78%, dan semakin banyak logam yang diembankan dalam zeolit menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas katalitiknya. Rendemen HMF tertinggi ditunjukkan pada penggunaan katalis Mn-zeolit dan Ni-zeolit dengan rendemen berturut-turut 35,17% dan 38,68%.
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