Synthesis of Silica Aerogel from Rice Husk Modified Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue

Dyah Setyaningrum, Erwanto Erwanto, Dian Khoirun Nisya'

Abstract

This study investigated the synthesis and silylation of biomass-derived silica aerogels from rice husk ash for methylene blue (MB) adsorption under ambient-pressure drying (APD). Surface modification was conducted using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in an ethanol/n-hexane co-solvent system to prevent capillary-induced pore collapse. The optimal silylation ratio (1:2:1 of silica:TMCS:n-hexane) yielded a superhydrophobic aerogel with a water contact angle of 152°, specific surface area of 795 m²/g, pore volume of 5.75 cm³/g, and 97.8% porosity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed successful surface modification, as evidenced by the appearance of Si–O–CH₃ (962 cm⁻¹) and –Si(CH₃)₃ (2950 cm⁻¹) peaks, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the preserved amorphous silica framework with a broad peak at 2θ = 22°. The optimized aerogel achieved maximum MB removal efficiency of 97.9% within 70 min (C₀ 20 ppm) and an equilibrium capacity of 14.03 mg/g at 60 ppm. Non-linear modeling revealed that the adsorption was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics (R²=0.9935) and the Langmuir isotherm (R²=0.9845), confirming a homogeneous, monolayer chemisorption mechanism.

Keywords

adsorption; aerogel; methylene blue; rice husk; trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS).

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.22.2.112186.371-380

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