Development and Validation of a PBL-ESD-Based E-Student Worksheet for Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions

Tiara Swastika Putri, Eli Rohaeti, Widya Ikhma Yanti

Abstract

The need to improve critical thinking and scientific argumentation skills in chemistry highlights the importance of integrating Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) into teaching materials. In the context of chemistry, ESD encourages students to relate chemical concepts to real-life environmental, social, and economic issues, while PBL encourages inquiry through real-world problem scenarios. This study aims to develop a digital student worksheet (E-LKM) that innovatively combines the ESD approach and the PBL learning model for the topic of chemical equilibrium in solution. Unlike conventional worksheets, this E-LKM presents sustainability-based dilemmas—such as pollution from industrial waste and its effects on equilibrium systems—designed to trigger discussion, collaboration, and higher-order thinking. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method, using the Thiagarajan 4D model, involving 40 students and 5 chemistry education lecturers from Riau Province as samples. Data analysis included validation by experts and user feedback on the practicality and readability of the results. E-LKM obtained a validation score of 115 (very good), a practicality score of 71, and a readability score of 60.767—both of which were classified as very good. These results indicate that E-LKM is a valid and practical tool for supporting chemistry learning, with a focus on sustainability, critical thinking, and scientific argumentation

Keywords

Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions, PBL-ESD, Practicality, Validity

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/paedagogia.v28i3.102176

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