Efisiensi Degradasi Limbah Methylene Blue Menggunakan Sintesis Hijau Fotokatalis ZnO Ekstrak Nanas dan Karbon Aktif Sekam Padi

Adinda Thalia Putri, Tina Anggreani Lestari, Reffa Fitrichia, Nuni Widiarti

Abstract

Pencemaran air akibat limbah zat warna seperti methylene blue (MB) merupakan masalah lingkungan yang serius di Indonesia. MB banyak digunakan dalam industri tekstil, kosmetik, dan farmasi, dapat menurunkan kualitas air serta menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Fotokatalisis berbasis ZnO merupakan metode yang menjanjikan untuk mendekontaminasi air, namun keterbatasan penyerapan cahaya mengurangi efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sintesis hijau ZnO menggunakan ekstrak nanas melalui metode presipitasi, dengan tujuan meningkatkan karakteristik dan aktivitas fotokatalitik. Selain itu, ZnO dikombinasikan dengan karbon aktif (KA) dari sekam padi dengan metode impregnasi untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan BET untuk mengevaluasi sifat kristalinitas, gugus fungsi, dan luas permukaan material. Hasil XRD menunjukkan ZnO memiliki struktur wurtzit heksagonal dengan ukuran kristal 27,01 nm, sedangkan ZnO/KA memiliki ukuran 20,24 nm dengan struktur wurtzit heksagonal untuk ZnO dan struktur grafit untuk karbon. Hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan ikatan Zn–O, C–H, dan O–H, sedangkan hasil BET menunjukkan bahwa ZnO/KA memiliki kurva distribusi pori tipe II dengan pori makro. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan karbon aktif secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi fotodegradasi MB pada berbagai pH, dengan ZnO/karbon aktif (3:1) (b/b) mencapai kinerja tertinggi, mengurangi kadar MB hingga 99,81% pada pH 8.

Degradation Efficiency of Methylene Blue Using Green-Synthesized ZnO Photocatalyst with Pineapple Extract and Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon. Water pollution caused by dye waste, such as methylene blue (MB), is a serious environmental issue in Indonesia. Widely used in the textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, can degrade water quality and negatively impact human health and ecosystems. ZnO based photocatalysis is a promising method for water decontamination, but its limited light absorption reduces efficiency. This study explores the green synthesis of ZnO using pineapple extract via precipitation method to enhance its characteristics and photocatalytic activity. Additionally, ZnO was combined with activated carbon (AC) derived from rice husks through an impregnation to improve performance further. XRD, FTIR, and BET characterization confirmed the crystallinity, functional groups, and surface area properties. XRD analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO with a crystal size of 27.01 nm, while ZnO/AC had a size of 20.24 nm with both wurtzite and graphite structures. FTIR results verified Zn–O, C–H, and O–H bonds, and BET analysis indicated a type II macroporous distribution. Photodegradation tests revealed that ZnO/AC (3:1) (w/w) achieved the highest efficiency, reducing MB concentration by 99.81% at pH 8. These findings demonstrate that activated carbon significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of ZnO, offering a sustainable approach for dye wastewater treatment.

Keywords

activated carbon; methylene blue; photocatalyst; ZnO

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.2.95927.369-377

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