Recovery Nutrien dari Efluen Digester Anaerobik Air Limbah Tahu dengan Presipitasi Struvite

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Fenisa Fauziyah Marshal, Puti Sri Komala, Aufa Aniq Rumzi, Dewi Nilawati, Widyarani Widyarani, Diana Rahayuning Wulan, Neni Sintawardani, Nicolaus Nezha Nunez Mahasti

Abstract

Efluen dari digester anaerobik multistages fixed-bed reactor pengolahan air limbah industri tahu di Desa Giriharja, Kabupaten Sumedang, memerlukan pengolahan lanjut karena masih mengandung nutrien amonium dan fosfor yang melebihi standar baku mutu untuk badan air. Presipitasi struvite merupakan presipitasi kimia yang memungkinkan untuk memperoleh kembali (recovery) amonium dan fosfat dari air limbah dengan cara penambahan magnesium. Air laut dapat digunakan sebagai sumber magnesium untuk proses presipitasi untuk mengurangi biaya operasional. Presipitasi struvite dipengaruhi oleh pH, ion-ion penting, suhu, dan zat-zat asing. Nilai pH yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan dan recovery P dan N, akan tetapi dapat meningkatkan presipitasi magnesium dan kalsium fosfat sehingga mengurangi kualitas kristal struvite yang terbentuk. Tingkat kejenuhan struvite berbanding lurus dengan logaritma konsentrasi ionik dalam kristal. Tingkat pertumbuhan, jenis dan ukuran kristal dipengaruhi oleh tinggi suhu. Tingginya konsentrasi zat asing pada larutan dapat mengakibatkan terhalangnya pertumbuhan kristal struvite. Penggunaan air laut sebagai sumber magnesium dalam presipitasi struvite dapat mengurangi biaya produksi, transportasi, serta menggantikan penggunaan bahan kimia.

Nutrient Recovery from Tofu Wastewater Anaerobic Digester using Struvite Precipitation. Effluent from a multistage anaerobic digestion fixed-bed reactor for tofu industrial wastewater treatment in Giriharja Village, Sumedang Regency, requires further treatment because it still contains nutrients of ammonium and phosphorus that exceed the water quality standards. Struvite precipitation is a chemical precipitation process that allows for the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from wastewater by adding magnesium. Seawater can be used as a source of magnesium for the precipitation process to reduce operational costs. Struvite precipitation is affected by pH, essential ions, temperature, and foreign substances. A high pH value can increase the efficiency of P and N removal and recovery, but it can also increase the precipitation of magnesium and calcium phosphate, thereby reducing the quality of the struvite crystals formed. The level of struvite saturation is directly proportional to the logarithm of the ionic concentration in the crystals. The growth rate, type, and size of crystals are affected by temperature. High concentrations of foreign substances in the solution can inhibit struvite crystal growth. Using seawater as a source of magnesium in struvite precipitation can reduce production and transportation costs and replace the use of chemicals.

Keywords

ammonium; tofu wastewater; anaerobic digester; fixed-bed reactor; phosphorus; struvite recovery

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.2.93205.198-223

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