Profil Kandungan Kimia, Fenolik Total, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Tumbuhan Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F

Yana Aisya Putri, Rini Muharini, Ira Lestari, Masriani Masriani, Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah, Antonius R.B. Ola

Abstract

Litsea firma (Blume) Hook f atau medang piawas merupakan salah satu tumbuhan tingkat tinggi yang dijumpai di Kabupaten Melawi, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Masyarakat setempat memanfaatkannya sebagai obat tradisional untuk menyembuhkan alergi kulit dan menghilangkan bau badan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil kandungan kimia, fenolik total, dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak akar, batang, dan daun Litsea firma. Analisis fitokimia dan kromatogram reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) menunjukkan bahwa komponen utama pada setiap ekstrak etanol adalah golongan senyawa fenolik dan cenderung bersifat polar. Kadar fenolik total ditentukan menggunakan metoda Folin-Ciocalteu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik total tertinggi adalah ekstrak etanol batang sebesar 90,85 mg GAE/g ekstrak, diikuti ekstrak akar (70,29 mg GAE/g ekstrak) dan daun (51,52 mg GAE/g ekstrak). Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dengan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Ekstrak akar, batang, dan daun menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan moderat dengan IC50 secara berurutan sebesar 134,45 ppm, 112,21 ppm, dan 157,94 ppm,. Dengan demikian, ekstrak batang merupakan sumber senyawa fenolik dan antioksidan yang lebih baik dibandingkan bagian lain tumbuhan L. firma (Blume) Hook f.

 

Characterization of Chemical Composition, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F Plants. Litsea firma (Blume) Hook f is one of the higher plants distributed widely in Sungai Pinang Village, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Local people use some parts of the plant as a traditional medicine to cure skin allergies and eliminate body odor. This study aimed to analyze the chemistry profile, measure the phenolic content, and determine the antioxidant activity of Litsea firma roots, stems, and leaf extracts. Phytochemical and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RV-HPLC) chromatogram analysis on each ethanolic extract showed that each extract possessed a similar phytochemical profile of polar phenolic compounds as major compounds. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content using gallic acid as a standard. The results showed that the total phenolic content in the roots, stems, and leaves extract was 70.29, 90.85, and 51.52 mg GAE/g extract, respectively., where phenolic content in the stems was the highest. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with ascorbic acid as a reference standard. The extracts of the roots, stems, and leaves showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 134.45 ppm, 112.21 ppm, and 157.94 ppm, respectively. Thus, stem extract Litsea firma Blume has a better antioxidant and phenolic resource from this species.

Keywords

antioxidant; DPPH; Follin-ciocalteu; total phenolic content; Litsea firma.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.20.1.74158.38-48

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