Kinerja Karbon Aktif Daun Eceng Gondok pada Penurunan Kadar Fosfat Artifisial dan Surfaktan dalam Limbah Detergen

Resa Wulandari, Cucun Alep Riyanto, Yohanes Martono

Abstract

Limbah detergen masuk ke dalam kategori limbah domestik karena limbah ini memiliki potensi membentuk film pada permukaan air dan menurunkan tingkat transfer oksigen ke dalam air. Oleh karena itu, penanganan limbah detergen diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis karbon aktif dari Daun Eceng Gondok (DEG) sebagai adsorben fosfat dalam limbah fosfat artifisial dan surfaktan dalam limbah detergen. Tingginya kandungan selulosa dalam daun eceng gondok membuat tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi untuk diolah menjadi bahan dasar alternatif untuk karbon aktif. Sintesis karbon aktif DEG dilakukan melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400 ℃ selama 60 menit dilanjutkan proses aktivasi dengan rasio karbon: H3PO4 30% yaitu 1:4 (b/b). Selanjutnya, pemanasan dilakukan menggunakan furnace pada suhu 600 ℃ selama 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif DEG memiliki gugus fungsional O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, dan C‒O serta karakter mikropori (d = 1,10 nm) dan luas permukaan sebesar 726,49 m2/g. Pada kajian kinetika dan isoterm adsorpsi, penjerapan karbon aktif DEG terhadap fosfat dan surfaktan mengikuti pemodelan kinetika Elovich dengan kapasitas adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 11,67 mg/g dan 4,19 mg/g. Efektivitas karbon aktif DEG dalam adsorpsi fosfat dan surfaktan berturut-turut mencapai 78,35% dan 52,99%.

Performance of Activated Carbon from Water Hyacinth Leaves (WHL) for Reducing Artificial Phosphate and Surfactant Levels in Detergent Waste. Detergent waste is classified into the domestic waste category because it forms a film on the water surface and reduce the oxygen level in the water. Therefore, handling detergent waste is necessary to improve water quality. In this research, activated carbon was synthesized from water hyacinth leaves (WHL) as an adsorbent for phosphate in artificial phosphate waste and surfactant in detergent waste. The high cellulose content in water hyacinth leaves gives this plant the potential to be processed into an alternative base material for activated carbon. The synthesis of activated carbon from WHL (ACWHL) was carried out through a carbonization process at 400 ℃ for 60 min followed by an activation process using a weight ratio of carbon: H3PO4 30% = 1:4 (w/w) followed by heating at 600 ℃ for 60 min. The research results show that ACWHL has the functional groups O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, and C‒O as well as microporous character (d = 1.10 nm) and a surface area of 726.49 m2/g. In the study of kinetics and adsorption isotherms, the adsorption of ACWHL on phosphate and surfactants followed Elovich kinetic modeling with adsorption capacities of 11.67 mg/g and 4.19 mg/g, respectively. The effectiveness of ACWHL in adsorption of phosphate and surfactant reached 78.35% and 52.99%, respectively.

Keywords

adsorption; hyacinth leaves; activated carbon; detergent waste; surfactant.

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.2.65626.149-161

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