Sintesis Carbon Nanofoam dan Karakteristiknya

Nuryah Muchlisha, Dian Maruto Widjonarko, Teguh Endah Saraswati

Abstract

Karbon memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat jaringan ikatan hibridisasi sp, sp‒sp2, sp2, sp3, dan sp2‒sp3,sehingga karbon terdapat dalam banyak bentuk alotrop seperti grafit, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, dan nanotube. Carbon nanofoam (CNF) terbentuk dari atom karbon yang terikat secara sp2 dan sp3. CNF memiliki struktur sel terbuka yang saling berhubungan, densitas yang sangat rendah, stabilitas termal yang tinggi, dan porositas yang tinggi. CNF dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan berbagai metode seperti chemical vapor depositon, laser ablsasi, arc-discharge, dan pirolisis. Sintesis dengan berbagai jenis sumber karbon dan keadaan eksperimen menghasilkan material yang memiliki berbagai ukuran, luas permukaan, dan strukturnya. Struktur CNF terdiri dari dua jenis berdasarkan pola tepi strukturnya yaitu zigzag dan armchair. Hasil karakterisasinya menunjukkan bahwa CNF lebih banyak mengandung karbon dengan hibridisasi sp2 dengan struktur yang berinterkoneksi satu sama lain dan memiliki densitas yang sangat rendah. Selain itu, material ini juga memiliki pori dalam ukuran mesopori dan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Sifat unik yang dimiliki oleh CNF berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang seperti filter, superkapasitor, dan energy storage. 

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofoam and Its Characteristics. Carbon can create sp, sp‒sp2, sp2, sp3, and sp2‒sp3 hybridized bond networks, which make carbon in many allotropes forms such as graphite, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, and nanotubes. Carbon nanofoam  (CNF) is formed by sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon atoms. CNF has an interconnected open-cell structure, very low density, high thermal stability, and high porosity. CNF is obtained using several methods, such as laser ablation, arc-discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and pyrolysis. Synthesis with various types of carbon sources and experimental conditions resulted in materials having various sizes, surface areas, and structures. The structure of CNF consists of two edge pattern types, including zigzag and armchair. The characterization results show that CNF contains more interconnected carbon with sp2 hybridization and has a very low density. In addition, this material also has pores in the mesoporous size and high surface area. The unique properties of CNF provide potential applications in various fields, such as filters, supercapacitors, and energy storage.

Keywords

carbon nanofoam; synthesis; modification; characterization.

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64499.108-122

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