Cairan Ionik sebagai Penyerap Gas CO2

Yunita Anggraini, Inge Magdalena Sutjahja

Abstract

Pemanasan global akibat emisi gas rumah kaca, terutama karbon dioksida (CO2), memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perubahan iklim dan telah menjadi isu penting dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penangkapan dan pemanfaatan CO2 atau CO2capture and utilization (CCU) adalah strategi yang efektif untuk mengurangi pemanasan global. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran singkat proses penangkapan CO2 dengan memanfaatkan cairan ionik (ionic liquid, IL). IL adalah jenis garam yang terdiri dari kation organik dan anion organik atau anorganik yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan, di antaranya volatilitas yang rendah, stabilitas termal yang cukup baik, tidak mudah korosif, laju degradasi yang rendah, dan biaya regenerasi yang rendah. Kombinasi kation-anion yang tepat membuat IL dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut untuk proses penangkapan CO2 menggantikan pelarut konvensional berbasis amina. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, generasi baru IL fungsional (IL berbasis basa kuat dan asam amino) dan deep eutectic solvent (DES) telah diperkenalkan sebagai larutan pengganti IL murni (IL konvensional) dengan keunggulan kapasitas penyerapan CO2 yang lebih besar, mudah terurai secara alami (biodegradable), mudah berinteraksi dengan jaringan hidup, tidak menimbulkan toksisitas (biokompatibel), dan mudah diproduksi dalam skala besar dengan biaya relatif rendah. Selain itu, dengan mempertimbangkan biokompatibilitas DES, pengembangan DES dengan mempertimbangkan aspek biologis menjadi terobosan baru yang menjanjikan sebagai bahan ramah lingkungan. Dalam hal ini DES menyerap CO2 dari gas buang dan kemudian menyediakannya sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi mikroalga.

Ionic Liquid as CO2 Absorption. An increase in global warming as an impact of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), has become an important issue in recent years. CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) are the effective strategy to mitigate global warming. This study briefly described the CO2 capture process using ionic liquid (IL). IL is a type of salt consisting of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions. IL as a solution in the CO2 capture process has several advantages, including low volatility, good thermal stability, non-corrosive, low degradation, and low regeneration costs. Using the proper cation and anion, IL acts as an effective solvent for CO2 capture, replacing amine. In subsequent developments, a new generation of functional IL (strong base and amino acid-based IL) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been introduced as a substitute for pure IL (conventional IL) with the advantages of more excellent CO2 absorption, biodegradable, easy to interact with live tissue, non-toxicity, biocompatible, and easy to produce on a large scale with relatively low cost. In addition, taking into account the biocompatibility of DES, the development of DES by considering the biological aspects is a promising alternative as an environmentally friendly material. In this case, DES absorbs CO2 from exhaust gases and provides it as a source of nutrition for microalgae.

Keywords

ionic liquid (IL); functional IL; deep eutectic solvent; CO2 capture and utilization.

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.2.62225.247-260

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