Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Selulosa Asetat dengan Penambahan Antibiofouling Alami Ekstrak Bawang Putih

Dikianur Alvianto, Fara Aulia Agustin Nurhadi, Angky Wahyu Putranto, Bambang Dwi Argo, Mochammad Bagus Hermanto, Yusuf Wibisono

Abstract

Teknologi membran merupakan teknologi yang dapat memisahkan dua fasa (permeat dan umpan). Kendala dalam teknologi membran yaitu bahan yang terkandung dalam umpan dan mengakibatkan terjadinya fouling (penutupan pori). Salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi fouling yaitu menambahkan zat antibiofouling pada membran. Bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibiofoulan alami adalah ekstrak bawang putih yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bawang putih terhadap perbaikan karakteristik membran (ketebalan, kuat tarik, elastisitas), fluks air bersih, dan sifat antibiofouling pada bakteri Bacillus subtilis. Membran selulosa asetat dibuat dengan menggunakan metode inversi fasa dan pelarut dimetilformamida. Penambahan ekstrak bawang putih pada pembuatan membran selulosa asetat memiliki konsentrasi masing-masing sebesar 0,25% b/v (0,01 g), 0,5% b/v (0,02 g), 0,75% b/v (0,03 g), dan 0% b/v (kontrol) dengan ketebalan 0,3 mm. Hasil yang optimum diperoleh untuk membran dengan konsentrasi 0,5 % b/v yang menghasilkan pengujian kuat tarik sebesar 0,977 N/mm2 dan untuk membrane dengan konsentrasi 0,25% b/v yang memberikan elastistas pertambahan panjang sebesar 12,22%. Sifat antibakteri membran dengan penambahan ekstrak bawang putih ditunjukkan dengan berkurangnya penempelan bakteri Bacillus subtilis pada permukaan membran sebesar 41,5% – 87,7% area.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Membrane with The Addition of Natural Antibiofouling Garlic Extract. Membrane technology is a technology that can separate two phases (permeate and feed). The main problem in membrane technology is the material contained in the feed, which causes fouling (pore closure). An alternative to reducing fouling is by adding anti-biofouling substances into the membrane. The material that can be used as a natural anti-biofoulant is garlic extract which has antibacterial properties. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding garlic extract on the improvement of membrane characteristics (thickness, tensile strength, elasticity), clean water flux, and anti-biofouling properties of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The cellulose acetate membrane was synthesized using dimethylformamide as solvent through the phase inversion method. The addition of garlic extract in the manufacture of cellulose acetate membranes had concentrations of 0.25% w/v (0.01 g), 0.5% w/v (0.02 g), 0.75% w/v (0.03 g), and 0% w/v (control) with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The optimum results were obtained for the membrane with a concentration of 0.5% w/v, which resulted in the tensile strength test of 0.977 N/mm2, and the membrane with a concentration of 0.25% w/v, which resulted in an elongation elasticity of 12.22%. The antibacterial properties of membranes with the addition of garlic extract were indicated by the adhesion reduction of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on the membrane surface by 41.5% – 87.7% area.

Keywords

Bacillus subtilis; biofouling; garlic extract; membrane; cellulose acetate

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.57199.193-204

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