Kadar Total Fenol dan Flavonoid Ekstrak Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) Melalui Metode Ekstraksi Microwave

Sadwika Najmi Kautsari, Aji Humaedi, Dian Rachma Wijayanti, Muhammad Safaat

Abstract

Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid dan fenol serta banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Namun, hingga kini temu kunci belum pernah diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan microwave. Ekstraksi dengan menggunakan microwave memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkan pada temu kunci sehingga dapat dihasilkan ekstrak temu kunci yang memiliki kadar total fenol dan flavonoid yang tinggi dengan waktu ekstraksi yang lebih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar total fenol dan flavonoid ekstrak temu kunci yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan microwave pada berbagai variasi waktu. Pembuatan ekstrak temu kunci dilakukan dengan meradiasi temu kunci dalam campuran etanol 70% pada tipe pemanasan Low selama 15 menit yang dibandingkan dengan tipe pemanasan Medium selama 3, 5, 7, 9, dan 12 menit. Berdasarkan penelitian, rendemen yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 5,91% - 9,7%. Kadar total fenol yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 6,69% - 9,18%, sedangkan kadar flavonoid berkisar antara 13,46% - 21,41%. Rendemen ekstrak temu kunci semakin meningkat dengan waktu ekstraksi yang lebih lama dan suhu yang lebih tinggi. Kadar total fenol dan flavonoid tertinggi adalah pada tipe pemanasan Medium selama 7 menit pada suhu 57 ℃.

Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content of Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) by Microwave Assisted Extraction. Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) is a plant that contains flavonoids and phenols. It is often used as traditional medicine. However, fingerroot has never been extracted using a microwave-assisted extraction method. In fact, extraction using microwave has good potential to be developed so that the fingerroot extracts can be produced which have high levels of total phenols and flavonoids with less extraction time. Therefore, this study aims to determine the total phenol and flavonoids extracted by microwave at various times. The preparation of fingerroot extract was carried out by irradiated fingerroot in 70% ethanol mixture on Low heating type for 15 minutes, compared to Medium heating type for 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 minutes. Based on the research, the yield produced ranged from 5.91% - 9.7%. The total phenol content produced ranged from 6.69% - 9.18%, while the levels of flavonoids ranged from 13.46% - 21.41%. The yield of fingerroot extract increased with longer extraction time and higher temperature. The highest total phenol and flavonoid levels were the Medium heating type for 7 minutes at 57 ℃.

 

Keywords

ekstraksi; fenol; flavonoid; microwave; temu kunci.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ahmad, R. A., Juwita, and Ratulangi, S.A.D., 2015. Penetapan Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Metanol Buah dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.SM). Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i1.3481

Almurdani, M., Zamri, A., Nugroho, T. T., Karim, J., Eryanti, Y., Hendra, R., and Teruna, H. Y., 2020. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Mempening (Lithocarpus bancanus) Leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal 12(2), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.52

Atun, S., Handayani, S., and Rakhmawati, A., 2018. Potential Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. Pharmacognosy Journal 10(3), 513–518. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.3.84

Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M. H. A., Ghafoor, K., Norulaini, N. A. N., and Omar, A. K. M., 2013. Techniques for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering 117(4), 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014

Bastola, K. P., Guragain, Y. N., Bhadriraju, V., and Vadlani, P. V. 2017. Evaluation of Standards and Interfering Compounds in the Determination of Phenolics by Folin-Ciocalteu Assay Method for Effective Bioprocessing of Biomass. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 08(06), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2017.86032

Chahyadi, A., Hartati, R., Wirasutisna, K. R., and Elfahmi, 2014. Boesenbergia Pandurata Roxb., An Indonesian Medicinal Plant: Phytochemistry, Biological Activity, Plant Biotechnology. Procedia Chemistry 13, 13–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.12.003

Dahmoune, F., Nayak, B., Moussi, K., Remini, H., and Madani, K., 2015. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Myrtus communis L. Leaves. Food Chemistry 166, 585–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.066

Elboughdiri, N., 2018. Effect of Time, Solvent-Solid Ratio, Ethanol Concentration and Temperature on Extraction Yield of Phenolic Compounds From Olive Leaves. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8(2), 2805–2808. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1983

Ford, L., Theodoridou, K., Sheldrake, G. N., and Walsh, P. J. 2019. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods Used for the Chemical Characterisation and Quantification of Phlorotannin Compounds in Brown Seaweeds. Phytochemical Analysis, 30(6), 587–599. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2851

Gałuszka, A., Migaszewski, Z., and Namieśnik, J. A., 2013. The 12 Principles of Green Analytical Chemistry and The Significance Mnemonic of Green Analytical Practices. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 50, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.04.010

Hati, A. K., Dyahariesti, N., and Yuswantina, R., 2019. Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sereh (Cymbopogon nardus) dan Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product 2(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v2i2.264

Hilma, R., Gustina, N., and Syahri, J., 2020. Pengukuran Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla, L.) Secara In Vitro dan In Silico Melalui Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 16(2), 240. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.240-249

Hofmann, T., Nebehaj, E., Stefanovits-bányai, É., and Albert, L., 2015. Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenol Content of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L .) Bark Extracts. Industrial Crops & Products 77, 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.008

Jitvaropas, R., Saenthaweesuk, S., Somparn, N., Thuppia, A., Sireeratawong, S., and Phoolcharoen, W., 2012. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities of Boesenbergia rotunda. Natural Product Communications 7(7), 909–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700727

Kala, H. K., Mehta, R., Sen, K. K., Tandey, R., and Mandal, V., 2016. Critical Analysis of Research Trends and Issues in Microwave Assisted Extraction of Phenolics: Have We Really Done Enough. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 85, 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.007

Kautsari, S. N., Purwakusumah, E. D., and Nurcholis, W., 2020. Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) Segar dan Simplisia dengan Variasi Metode Ekstraksi. Media Farmasi 16(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v16i1.1403

Keshavarz B. and Rezaei, K., 2020. Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Konar (Ziziphus spina-christi) fruits. International Food Research Journal 27(1), 47–55.

Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. 2017. Folin-Ciocalteu Method for the Measurement of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity. Measurement of Antioxidant Activity and Capacity: Recent Trends and Applications, 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119135388.ch6

Limsuwan, S. and Voravuthikunchai, S. P., 2013. Bactericidal, Bacteriolytic, and Antibacterial Virulence Activities of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schltr Extract Against Streptococcus pyogenes. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12(6), 1023–1028. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.23

López-Perea, P., Guzmán-Ortiz, F. A., Román-Gutiérrez, A. D., Castro-Rosas, J., Gómez-Aldapa, C. A., Rodríguez-Marín, M. L., Falfán-Cortés, R. N., González-Olivares, L. G., and Torruco-Uco, J. G., 2019. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Bran and Barley Husk in The Extracts with Different Polarity. International Journal of Food Properties 22(1), 646–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2019.1600543

Lysiuk, R. and Hudz, N. 2017. Differential Spectrophotometry: Application for Quantification of Flavonoids in Herbal Drugs and Nutraceuticals. International Journal of Trends in Food and Nutrition, 1, e102.

Melannisa, R., Da’i, M., and Rahmi, T. R., 2011. Uji Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Bebas dan Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Tiga Rimpang Genus Curcuma dan Rimpang Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata). Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 12(1). https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v12i1.47

Ngibad, K. and Lestari, L. P. 2020. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenolik Total Daun Zodia (Evodia suaveolens). ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 16(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35580.94-109

Rajkovic, K. M., Stojic, S. S., Velic, D. T., Nada, C., Simic, V. M., Karabegovic, I. T., and Lazic, M. L., 2016. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Total Polyphenolic Compounds from Chokeberries by Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network. Separation and Purification Technology 160, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.019

Sa’adah, H. and Nurhasnawati, H., 2015. Perbandingan Pelarut Etanol dan Air pada Pembuatan Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) Menggunakan Metode Maserasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 1(2), 149–153. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.27

Silve, A., Papachristou, I., Wüstner, R., Sträßner, R., Schirmer, M., Leber, K., Guo, B., Interrante, L., Posten, C., and Frey, W., 2018. Extraction of Lipids from Wet Microalga Auxenochlorella protothecoides Using Pulsed Electric Field Treatment and Ethanol-Hexane Blends. Algal Research 29, 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.016

Sukandar, E. Y., Fidrianny, I., and Kamil, A., 2015. In situ Antibacterial Activity of Kaempferia pandurata (Roxb.) Rhizomes Against Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7(2), 239–244.

Sukandar E.Y. and Sunderam N., F., 2014. Activity of Kaempferia pandurata (Roxb.) Rhizome Ethanol Extract Against MRSA, MIRCNS, MISSA, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 17(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.49.55

Thangaraj, P. 2016. Pharmacological Assays of Plant-Based Natural Products : Quantification of Secondary Metabolites. In Progress in Drug Research 71. Issue 2003, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26811-8

Vieira, V., Prieto, M. A., Barros, L., Coutinho, J. A. P., Ferreira, O., and Ferreira, I. C. F. R., 2017. Optimization and Comparison of Maceration and Microwave Extraction Systems for The Production of Phenolic Compounds from Juglans regia L. for The Valorization of Walnut Leaves. Industrial Crops and Products 107, 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.1.46497.96-104

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.