Optimalisasi Sifat Reologi Hidrogel Kitosan-Hialuronat yang Ditaut-Silang dengan Glutaraldehida

Pajri Samsi Nasution, Muhamad Alif Hamimdal, Gustini Syahbirin, Budi Arifin

Abstract

Kitosan membentuk hidrogel polikationik dengan penambahan glutaraldehida sebagai penaut-silang. Penambahan hialuronat yang bersifat polianionik diharapkan akan meningkatkan sifat reologis hidrogel tersebut. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi glutaraldehida dan hialuronat pada kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran, serta sifat pembengkakan dan pengerutan hidrogel kitosan, dan menentukan konsentrasi optimum keduanya melalui analisis data dengan perangkat lunak Modde 5Ò. Hialuronat meningkatkan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran hidrogel kitosan pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah, tetapi berpengaruh sebaliknya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi. Sejalan dengan itu, pembengkakan juga menjadi relatif tinggi, sedangkan pengerutan menjadi relatif rendah setelah penambahan hialuronat, tetapi hanya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, hialuronat diperkirakan mengisi ruang kosong di antara taut-silang imina yang terbentuk antara glutaraldehida dan kitosan. Pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi, taut-silang ini tidak menyisakan lagi ruang kosong bagi hialuronat. Sebaliknya, air sedikit demi sedikit akan terdesak keluar dari dalam hidrogel dan memicu pengerutan. Komposisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi kitosan 2,0% (b/v), hialuronat 0,3% (v/v) dan glutaraldehida 1,4% (v/v), yang memberikan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, ketegaran, pembengkakan dan pengerutan berturut-turut sebesar 678,4 g cm-2; 1,294 cm; 5,033 g cm-1; 2,634 g dan 0,148 g. Pengukuran sifat reologi hidrogel yang dibuat dengan komposisi optimum tersebut memberikan hasil yang lebih rendah (190,7 g cm-2; 0,767 cm; 1,675 g cm-1) untuk tiga sifat reologi pertama, tetapi lebih tinggi (2,844 g and 0,348 g) untuk dua sifat berikutnya.

Optimization of Rheological Property of Chitosan-Hyaluronate Hydrogel Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde. Chitosan forms a polycationic hydrogel by addition of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The addition of hyaluronate which is polyanionic is expected to improve the rheological properties of the hydrogel. This study evaluated the effects of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate concentration on the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity of the chitosan hydrogel as well as the swelling and shrinking properties. This study determined the optimum concentration of both of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate by data analysis using Modde 5Ò software. Hyaluronate increased the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity at a low glutaraldehyde concentration, but showed the opposite effects at high glutaraldehyde concentration. At a low concentration of glutaraldehyde, relatively high swelling and low shrinking were revealed after hyaluronate addition. From these results, it was suggested that hyaluronate filled the empty spaces between the imine-crosslinks created by glutaraldehyde and chitosan. At high concentration of glutaraldehyde, the crosslinks became so extensive that no more space was left for hyaluronates. Otherwise, water would be squeezed out from the hydrogel and syneresis would happen. The optimum composition was obtained at 2.0% (w/v) chitosan, 0.3% (v/v) hyaluronate and 1.4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, which achieved the gel strength, breakpoint, rigidity, swelling and shrinking of 678.4 g cm-2, 1.294 cm, 5.033 g cm-1, 2.634 g and 0.148 g, respectively. However, rheological property measurement of hydrogel synthesized by using the optimum composition gave lower results (190.7 g cm-2, 0.767 cm, 1.675 g cm-1) for the first three properties, but higher results (2.844 g and 0.348 g) for the latter two.

Keywords

breakpoint; chitosan; crosslink; gel strength; swelling

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