An Analysis of Reading Tasks in "Pathway to English" Textbook: Bloom's Taxonomy Perspective

Galuh Putri Utami, Joko Nurkamto, Kristiandi Kristiandi

Abstract

A task in a textbook plays a crucial role in the learning process. The sufficient task helps students to practice their skills. The investigation of the cognitive levels of reading tasks and the form of higher-order thinking questions in the reading tasks within the Pathway to English textbook is the aim of this descriptive qualitative study. The data were collected through document analysis and expert judgment with one of the English teachers in Surakarta. Subsequently, the percentage and the frequencies of the cognitive level of questions were calculated and tabulated. Afterward, the results showed that the reading tasks do not fully cover all cognitive levels, missing creating levels. It was also revealed that there are four forms of higher-order thinking questions. Even though there are various forms of higher-order thinking questions in the reading tasks, it still has a weakness. In addition, this study recommends that textbook authors advance the questions with higher-order thinking skills. It is expected that this study will be able to provide insight into textbook selection for English teachers and serve as a consideration for future researchers interested in the same topic.

Keywords

Bloom's taxonomy; higher-order thinking skill; reading task

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afflerbach, P. (2015). Conceptualizing and assessing higher-order thinking in reading. Theory into Practice, 54(3), 203-212. DOI: 10.1080/00405841.2015.1044367

Alderson, J. C. (2000). Assessing Reading. Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Addison Wesley Longman Inc.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education. Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Atiullah, K., Fitriati, S. W., & Rukmini, D. (2019). Using revised Bloom's taxonomy to evaluate higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in reading comprehension questions of English textbook for year X of high school. English education journal, 9(4), 428-436.

Baghaei, S., Bagheri, M. S., & Yamini, M. (2020). Analysis of IELTS and TOEFL reading and listening tests in terms of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1720939. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1720939.

Bloom, B., Englehart, M. Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. Longman.

Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to assess higher-order thinking skills in your classroom. ASCD.

Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing Your Coursebook (Handbooks for the English Classroom). Macmillan Education.

Dixson, D. D., & Worrell, F. C. (2016). Formative and summative assessment in the classroom. Theory into practice, 55(2), 153-159. DOI: 10.1080/00405841.2016.1148989

Febrina, F., Usman, B., & Muslem, A. (2019). Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions by Using Revised Bloom's Taxonomy on Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS).

Freahat, N. M., & Smadi, O. M. (2014). Lower-order and higher-order reading questions in secondary and university level EFL textbooks in Jordan. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(9), 1804-1813.

Gordani, Y. (2010). An analysis of English textbooks used at Iranian guidance schools in terms of Bloom's taxonomy. Journal of Asia TEFL, 7(2).

Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language. Cambridge University. Horby, A. S. (1974). Advance Learners Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press.

Kozak, M. (2011). The Types of Reading and Exercise for Teaching Reading.

Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage publications.

Mizbani, M., Salehi, H., & Tabatabaei, O. (2020). Content evaluation of Iranian EFL textbook vision 1 based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy of cognitive domain. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 8(29), 11-24.

Newman, F.M. (1990). Higher-order thinking in teaching social studies: A rationale for the assessment of classroom thoughtfulness. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 22, 41-56.

Nunan, D. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge university press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100009578.

Orey, M. (2010). Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. CreateSpace.

Sari, R. N., & Sakhiyya, Z. (2020). An analysis of the English coursebook viewed from higher-order thinking skills. ELT Forum: Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2), 97-106.

Resnick, L. (1987). Education and Learning to Think. National Academy Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/1032.

Sheldon, L. E. (1988). Evaluating ELT textbooks and materials. ELT Journal, 42(4), 237–246.

Ulum, Ö. G. (2016). A descriptive content analysis of the extent of Bloom's taxonomy in the reading comprehension questions of the Course Book Q: Skills for Success 4 Reading and Writing. The Qualitative Report, 21(9), 1674-1683. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol21/iss9/7. Ur, P. (1999). A course in language teaching trainee book. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511732928.

White, S. (2011). Understanding adult functional literacy: Connecting text features, task demands, and respondent skills. Routledge.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.