Email this article 
2.png)
4.png){kind=logo}
6.png)
Needs Analysis for the Development of a Project-Based Learning–Based E-Module on Virus Topics as Teaching Material for Grade X (Phase E) Senior High School Students
Abstract
Virus materials are inherently abstract and present considerable challenges for Grade X (Phase E) senior high school students when taught using conventional instructional methods. Therefore, effective instruction on virus concepts requires innovative teaching materials that facilitate conceptual understanding and promote active learning. One promising medium is an electronic module (e-module). Accordingly, this study aimed to conduct a needs analysis for developing a Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-based e-module on virus topics as instructional material. The study used a descriptive, quantitative design to examine the need to develop the proposed e-module. The analysis investigated current learning practices, students’ learning experiences, perceptions of e-modules, and the need for a virus e-module integrated with the PjBL model. Participants included 33 students and 15 biology teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. Results showed that 97% of students experienced difficulties understanding virus material. Furthermore, all students (100%) reported the need for additional learning resources and preferred e-modules containing visual representations, instructional videos, and interactive exercises. Most students also favored resources that were accessible anytime, anywhere via digital devices. Teachers likewise emphasized the need for e-modules that provide clearly structured project stages, contextual case studies, and standardized project report formats to support PjBL implementation. These findings indicate that developing a PjBL-based e-module is essential to enhance biology learning effectiveness, support independent learning, and help students develop competencies aligned with modern educational demands in secondary education contexts, and strengthen engagement with complex biological concepts through project activities and reflection.
Keywords
References
Adeningsih, S. A., Ntobuo, N. E., Umar, M. K., & Abdjul, T. (2024). Development of e-modules based on local wisdom to improve Junior High School student learning outcomes in science learning. ORBITA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Fisika, 10(1), 118-126. https://doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v10i1.20684
Akhmadkulovna, E., N. (2024). Enhancing biology education: the integral role of interactive teaching methods. International Journal of Advance Scientific Research, 4(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-02-18
Almulla, M. A. (2020). The effectiveness of the project-based learning (PBL) approach as a way to engage students in learning. Sage Open, 10(3), 2158244020938702. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020938702
Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alzahrani, A. I., Yahaya, N., Alalwan, N., & Kamin, Y. B. (2020). Digital communication: Information and communication technology (ICT) usage for education sustainability. Sustainability, 12(12), 5052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125052
Arief A, M., Joharmawan, R., & Yulistiadi, G. (2024). Pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning (PjBL) terhadap peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Journal of Innovation and Teacher Professionalism, 3(1), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.17977/um084v3i12025p189-196
Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik Edisi Revisi VI. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Aulia, S., S, L. A., & Linda, R. (2023). Development of multiple representation-based e-modules utilizing augmented reality in the material of molecular shapes and inter-molecular interactions. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3668
Delita, F., & Berutu, N. (2022). Online learning: The effects of using e-modules on self-efficacy, motivation and learning outcomes. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 93-107.EJ1365038
Diana, L. E., Hardianti, T., Rizaldi, R., Fitriana, S., Mardiana, N., & Syahwin, S. (2022). Development of e-modules based pjbl using the flipbook application for class xi students of SMA materials static fluid. Progres Pendidikan, 3(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.29303/prospek.v3i1.232
Fatonatullaillah, I., Nugroho, N. A. H., Dewi, S. A., Hendriyani, M. E., Rubino, R., Camara, J. S., & Polyiem, T. (2025). Students' collaboration skills through project-based learning model using digital poster on virus reproduction concepts. International Journal of Biology Education Towards Sustainable Development, 5(1), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.53889/ijbetsd.v5i1.546
Ferreira, V. G., & Canedo, E. D. (2020). Design sprint in classroom: exploring new active learning tools for project-based learning approach. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 11(3), 1191–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01285-3
Handayani. S, Suranto,U.F. & Umi Fatmawati. (2025). Project-based virus enrichment module local issue context. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 9(1), 200–211. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v9i1.84501
Helmira, M. R., & Haviz, M. (2025). Boosting creative thinking with the 8e learning cycle: an experimental study on virus concepts in senior high school. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 5(2), 342-354.https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v5i2.15185
Herlina, E., & Abidin, Z. (2024). Development of interactive e-modules to improve students’ scientific literacy abilities: A literature review. Jurnal Mangifera Edu, 8(2), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.181
Irdawati, I., Chatri, M., Wulansari, K., Razak, A., & Fajrina, S. (2023). Development of STEM-based biology e-module to improve student learning outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6694–6700. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4737
Irmasari, E., Marianti, A., Kariada, N., Martuti, T., & Riawan, A. S. (2023). Development of CIRCSA-based e-module on virus materials to improve students’ critical thinking and scientific literacy. JPPS, 13(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpps.v13n1.p16-28
Mahendri, R. P., Amanda, M., & Latifah, U. (2022). Pengembangan e-modul interaktif berbasis flipbook sebagai media pembelajaran distance learning. J-HyTEL: Journal of Hypermedia & Technology-Enhanced Learning, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58536/j-hytel.v1i1.18
Muzijah, R., Wati, M., & Mahtari, S. (2020). Pengembangan e-modul menggunakan aplikasi exe-learning untuk melatih literasi sains. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 4(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v4i2.2056
Nugroho, M. R., Sumardjoko, B., & Fathoni, A. (2023). Development of science learning e-modules using the flip PDF application. Jurnal Paedagogy, 10(2), 525. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i2.7130
Nurussalamah, U., & Fatmaryanti, S. D. (2025). Integrating e-module with project-based learning (pjbl): a strategy to improve students’ collaboration abilities and scientific literacy. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 936-945. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10864
Osmizein & Iskarni, P. (2022). The effect of the use of blended learning-assisted learning module on learning outcomes. In Geography (Vol. 6, Issue 2). Online. http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/Sjdgge
Pratama, A., Najril, M., & Khosyi, N. (2024). Hipkin Journal of Educational Research HJER Towards technology-based education: Exploration of augmented reality in e-modules for latest learning (Vol. 1, Issue 3). http://ejournal-hipkin.or.id/index.php/hipkin-jer/
Pratamadita, A., & Dwiningsih, K. (2022). Development of interactive e-modules as a learning media to train visual-spatial intelligence on intermolecular force materials. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, 8(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v8i1.4521
Pratiwi, K., H., Situmorang, R., Iriani, T. (2024). The potential of interactive multimedia with contextual teaching and learning approaches in mathematics learning: a systematic literature review. Jurnal EDUCATIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(2), 69–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29210/1202424526
Ramaila, S., & Molwele, A. J. (2022). The role of technology integration in the development of 21st century skills and competencies in life sciences teaching and learning. International Journal of Higher Education, 11(5), 9-17.
Rana, K., & Rana, K. (2020). ICT integration in teaching and learning activities in higher education: A case study of Nepal’s teacher education. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2020.01.003
Rusmanto, R., & Rukun, K. (2020). The development of e-learning module based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for electric motor installation course. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 4(2), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i2.24608
Rawat, N., Sharma, A., & Singh, S. (2023). Effect of Self-Developed E-Content Modules in Biology to Enhance Learning Agility : An Experimental Analysis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373258109
Saputra, R. S., & Octavia, B. (2024). E-module assisted by augmented reality with a discovery learning model on virus material to increase scientific literacy and learning independence for class x high school students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(11), 8507–8518. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.8795
Selano, Y.P, Sutimin, L. A., & Sumaryati, S. (2024). Web-based e-module with a project-based learning approach to improve computational thinking skills of high school students. Journal of Education Technology, 8(4), 763–775. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v8i4.852
Sholikhah, O. H., Suranto, S., & Santosa, S. (2024). Profile of students’ critical and creative thinking skills on virus material: the need for learning innovation. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 8105–8116. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.7222
Suwandi, R. A., Suciati, S., & Suranto, S. (2024). Validity and effectiveness of e-modules based on discovery learning combined with scaffolding questions to improve science literacy skills. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Studies, 19(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-011X/CGP/v19i01/1-23
Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration: assessment, certification, and promotion of 21st century skills for the future of work and education. In Journal of Intelligence (Vol. 11, Issue 3). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054
Tytenko, S., V. (2021). Application types and methods in information and learning systems. KPI Science News, 70–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20535/kpisn.2020.4.227090
Trilestari, K., & Fitriyah Almunawaroh, N. (2020). E-module as a solution for young learners to study at home. In 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2020) (pp. 364-369). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201230.132
Trisnayanti, N., P., A., & Lestawi, I., N., Sukariawan, I., M. (2025). Implementasi model pembelajaran project-based learning (Pjbl) pada mata pelajaran IPAS kelas iii di SD No 1 Petang Badung. A R Z U S I N Jurnal Manajemen dan Pendidikan Dasar, 5(4), 1777–1788. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58578/arzusin.v5i4.6290
Wadana, I., W. (2017). High order thinking skills assessment (hots). JISAE: Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation, 3(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/jisae.v3i1.4859
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi.v19i1.109959
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.