Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa pada Pembelajaran Berbasis Artificial Intelligence di Era Merdeka Belajar

Farid Helmi Setyawan, Siti Juniaty Adhira, Sherlan Juanda Putra

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, particularly in higher education, holds significant potential and influence in enhancing students’ 21st-century skills, especially critical thinking. This study aims to examine the impact of AI-based learning models on students' critical thinking abilities within the framework of Indonesia's Merdeka Belajar policy. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines pre-tests and post-tests, observations, interviews, and questionnaires involving 40 students from Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively by comparing pre-test and post-test results, while qualitative data were processed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing based on observations and interviews. The quantitative findings reveal a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills. Qualitative results indicate active student engagement in the learning process, with students shifting from passive AI users (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini) to active users who leverage AI for deeper inquiry, discussion, and conceptual synthesis. The study concludes that, when applied with appropriate pedagogical strategies, AI serves as an effective tool for facilitating constructivist learning and cognitive development in higher education.

Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dalam pendidikan khususnya pendidikan tinggi memiliki potensi dan pengaruh besar dalam meningkatkan keterampilan abad ke-21 mahasiswa, khususnya kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis AI terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa dalam kerangka kebijakan Merdeka Belajar di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix-method, penelitian ini menggabungkan pre-test dan post-test, observasi, wawancara, dan angket yang melibatkan 40 mahasiswa dari Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif kuantitatif dengan membandingkan hasil pre-test dan post-test serta analisis kualitatif dengan mereduksi data, data display, dan konklusi data yang berasal dari observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian secara kuantitatif menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Hasil analisis secara kualitatif menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran serta mahasiswa bertransformasi dari pengguna AI pasif (seperti ChatGPT, Gemini, dll) menjadi pengguna aktif yang memanfaatkan AI untuk penyelidikan mendalam, diskusi dan sintesis konsep. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa AI ketika digunakan dengan strategi pedagogis yang tepat, menjadi alat bantu yang efektif dalam membentuk mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran konstruktivis dan pengembangan kognitif.

Keywords

Berpikir kritis, Artificial Intelligence, Merdeka Belajar, keterampilan abad ke-21

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v8i3.107297

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