Focus and Scope

Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) publishes original research on economics, business, and management, with particular emphasis on economic issues, policies, and developments in developing countries. The journal welcomes theoretical, empirical, and applied studies addressing economic, business, and policy challenges in developing countries.

Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) welcomes original research and current studies in the following areas:

1. Development and Regional Economics
   Studies on economic development, regional development, spatial economics, regional disparities, local economic development, and development planning.
2. Macroeconomics and Economic Policy
   Studies on macroeconomic performance, fiscal policy, monetary economics, inflation, economic growth, and macroeconomic policy.
3. Public and Institutional Economics
   Studies on public policy, public economics, governance, institutions, institutional development, and the economic role of government.
4. International and Financial Economics
   Studies on international trade, international finance, financial markets, financial institutions, exchange rates, and financial economic issues.
5. Poverty, Inequality, Labor, and Health Economics
   Studies on poverty, inequality, employment, labor markets, human resources, health economics, and socioeconomic welfare.
6. Industrial, Business, and Entrepreneurship Studies
   Studies on industrial economics, business development, entrepreneurship, creative and innovative enterprises, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and business management.
7. Digital Economics
   Studies on digital transformation, digital markets, digital finance, digital business models, technology adoption, and the economic implications of digitalization.
8. Sustainable, Circular, and Environmental Economics
   Studies on sustainable economic development, circular economy, environmental economics, green and blue economics, natural resources, environmental and ecosystem services, and sustainable resource management.

Contributions from related disciplines are also welcome where they provide relevant insights into economic, business, or management issues in developing countries.

Section Policies

Research Articles

JAEDC accepts original research articles covering economics, business, and management, particularly studies addressing economic, business, policy, and development issues in developing countries. Manuscripts must present original research, clearly stated objectives, appropriate methods, and evidence-based findings. All Research Articles undergo peer review in accordance with the journal’s peer-review policy.

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Review Articles

JAEDC accepts review articles that critically synthesize and evaluate existing research on economics, business, and management, particularly issues relevant to developing countries. Review articles should provide a clear synthesis of the literature and identify key findings, developments, and research gaps. All Review Articles undergo peer review in accordance with the journal’s peer-review policy.

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Peer Review Process

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) applies a double-blind peer-review process to ensure an objective, rigorous, and transparent assessment of submitted manuscripts. All submitted Research Articles and Review Articles first undergo an initial technical and editorial screening by the editorial team to assess their relevance to the journal’s scope, compliance with submission guidelines and journal formatting requirements, completeness of the submission, and plagiarism or text similarity using Turnitin. This initial screening is completed within a maximum of one month from the date of submission.

Manuscripts that pass the initial screening and are considered suitable for further consideration are assigned to an Editor and forwarded to at least two independent reviewers selected based on their expertise and relevant scholarly experience. The identities of both authors and reviewers are concealed from each other throughout the review process. In cases where reviewers provide conflicting recommendations or where additional assessment is considered necessary, the Editor may invite additional independent reviewers.

The Editor may decline a manuscript without external peer review when it is clearly outside the journal’s scope, does not meet the journal’s basic submission requirements, or has substantial issues that prevent it from proceeding to peer review. However, an acceptance decision cannot be made solely on the basis of the initial editorial screening. Manuscripts that proceed to external peer review are assessed by the assigned reviewers before an editorial decision on publication is made.

Reviewers are expected to maintain strict confidentiality throughout the peer-review process and must treat all submitted materials as confidential. Reviewers must not disclose, copy, distribute, or otherwise use any part of the manuscript or unpublished information for purposes unrelated to the review without appropriate authorization. Reviewers are also expected to disclose any potential conflict of interest to the Editor and should not participate in the review where such a conflict may affect the objectivity of their assessment.

Reviewers evaluate manuscripts according to criteria appropriate to the submitted article type. For Research Articles, the assessment may consider the originality and contribution of the research, relevance to the journal’s scope, clarity of the research problem and objectives, adequacy of the theoretical or conceptual framework, appropriateness and rigor of the methodology, quality of data and analysis, validity of the findings, discussion and interpretation, clarity of presentation, and adherence to applicable academic and ethical standards. For Review Articles, the assessment may consider the relevance and clarity of the review topic, adequacy and appropriateness of the literature covered, clarity of the review objectives or questions, appropriateness and transparency of the review method where applicable, quality of critical synthesis and analysis, identification of relevant patterns, gaps, debates, or developments in the literature, originality and contribution of the review, clarity of presentation, and adherence to applicable academic and ethical standards.

Reviewers are expected to complete their evaluations within a maximum of one month from the date they are assigned the manuscript by the Editor. Reviewers are encouraged to provide objective, constructive, and sufficiently detailed comments that can assist authors in improving their manuscripts. If a reviewer is unable to complete the assessment within the specified timeframe, the Editor may contact the reviewer regarding the delay, seek an alternative reviewer, or invite an additional reviewer when necessary.

Once the required reviews have been received, the Editor carefully considers the reviewers’ comments and recommendations together with the overall quality, relevance, and suitability of the manuscript. Reviewer recommendations may include Accept Submission, Revisions Required, Resubmit for Review, Resubmit Elsewhere, Decline Submission, or See Comments. These recommendations are advisory and do not constitute the final publication decision. The Editor may issue an Accept Submission, Revisions Required, Resubmit for Review, or Decline Submission decision based on the reviewers’ assessments and the Editor’s own evaluation of the manuscript.

If revisions are requested, authors are expected to address the reviewers’ and Editor’s comments thoroughly and submit a revised manuscript within two (2) months from the date the revision request is sent. A revised manuscript may be returned to the original reviewers or assigned to additional reviewers when further assessment is considered necessary. The subsequent editorial decision is made after consideration of the revised manuscript, the authors’ responses, and, where applicable, the reviewers’ further recommendations.

Any manuscript that has received a Revisions Required decision but is not resubmitted within two (2) months from the date the revision request was sent will be considered withdrawn by the author(s). If neither a revised manuscript nor an extension request is received within this period, the manuscript will be automatically declined and will not proceed to the next stage of the editorial process. Authors who require additional time should contact the editorial team and request an extension before the revision deadline.

The final decision regarding publication rests with the Editor, taking into account the reviewers’ assessments, the quality and suitability of the manuscript, the authors’ responses to reviewer comments where applicable, and the journal’s editorial and ethical standards. The editorial decision is communicated to the corresponding author through the journal’s submission system or official editorial communication channel. This peer-review policy is implemented to maintain the quality, integrity, confidentiality, efficiency, and fairness of the publication process for all authors and reviewers.

Publication Frequency

Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) will be issued twice a year which are every March and September.

Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Archiving

This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...

Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship in the Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) is reserved for individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the conception or design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis or interpretation of data, or other substantive aspects of the research. Authors are expected to have participated in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content, approved the final version for submission and publication, and agreed to be accountable for the integrity of the work and for addressing questions concerning its accuracy or ethical conduct.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors meet the journal’s authorship criteria, that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript, and that there is agreement among the authors regarding the authorship and order of authorship. The corresponding author is also responsible for communicating with the editorial team on behalf of all authors throughout the submission, peer-review, revision, and publication processes.

To promote transparency regarding individual contributions, JAEDC requires authors to provide an Author Contributions Statement using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) framework where applicable. The contribution statement should identify the specific roles undertaken by each author, which may include conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing, visualization, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. The contribution statement should be submitted together with the manuscript and may be published with the article.

Individuals who contribute to a manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors. Their contributions may instead be recognized in an Acknowledgments section with their permission. Routine administrative assistance, general supervision, technical assistance, or other contributions that do not involve substantial intellectual contribution do not by themselves qualify an individual for authorship.

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors before acceptance will only be considered in exceptional circumstances. Such requests must be submitted by the corresponding author with a clear written justification and written agreement from all authors, including any person being added, removed, or affected by a change in authorship order. The editorial team may request additional documentation when necessary before approving the change.

After a manuscript has been accepted, changes to authorship or the order of authors require editorial approval and must be supported by a written justification and agreement from all affected authors. The Editor may decline a request when the documentation is incomplete or when the proposed change cannot be adequately justified. Authorship changes after publication will not normally be made directly to the published article and, where a change is considered justified, will be addressed through an appropriate formal correction notice.

Any authorship dispute should first be addressed among the authors. If the dispute cannot be resolved by the authors, the corresponding author or any affected author may notify the editorial team. JAEDC will not determine authorship disputes solely on the basis of competing claims where the matter requires institutional investigation. The Editor may request the relevant institution or institutions to investigate and resolve the dispute and may suspend the editorial process or publication-related action until an appropriate resolution is provided. Where a dispute arises after publication, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or other appropriate post-publication notice depending on the outcome and circumstances of the case.

Conflicts of Interest

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) is committed to maintaining transparency, objectivity, and integrity throughout the research, peer-review, editorial, and publication processes. A conflict of interest may arise when personal, professional, financial, academic, or other relationships or interests could influence, or could reasonably be perceived to influence, an individual’s objectivity or decision-making. JAEDC follows the relevant principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in identifying and managing conflicts of interest.

1. Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, editors, and other individuals involved in the publication process are expected to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that may be relevant to the manuscript or to their role in the publication process. Conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to, financial relationships, employment or consultancy, research funding, personal or family relationships, academic collaborations, institutional affiliations, professional competition, intellectual property interests, or other relationships that could affect or appear to affect objectivity.

Authors must disclose relevant conflicts of interest during manuscript submission and provide a Conflict of Interest Statement in the manuscript. If no relevant conflict exists, authors should explicitly state that there is no conflict of interest to declare. The disclosure should include relevant relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as affecting the research, its interpretation, or its publication.

2. Conflicts of Interest for Reviewers

Reviewers must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest to the Editor before accepting or undertaking a review. Reviewers should decline an invitation when their relationship with the authors, institutions, research, or subject matter may compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, the impartiality of their assessment. Examples include recent collaboration with an author, close personal or professional relationships, direct competition, financial interests, or other circumstances that may create a conflict.

If a conflict of interest becomes apparent after a reviewer has accepted an invitation or started the review, the reviewer must promptly notify the Editor. The Editor may withdraw the reviewer from the process and appoint another independent reviewer when necessary.

3. Conflicts of Interest for Editors and Journal Staff

Editors and journal staff must identify and disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest relating to a manuscript they are assigned to handle. An Editor or staff member must not participate in editorial decision-making, peer-review management, or other activities where a conflict of interest may affect or appear to affect impartiality.

Where an Editor has a conflict of interest, the manuscript should be reassigned to another qualified Editor who has no relevant conflict. Editors must also recuse themselves from handling manuscripts submitted by themselves, close collaborators, or individuals with whom they have a relationship that could compromise the independence of the editorial process.

4. Management of Conflicts of Interest

The Editor is responsible for assessing disclosed conflicts of interest and determining appropriate measures to protect the integrity and impartiality of the editorial process. Depending on the nature and significance of the conflict, appropriate measures may include requesting further disclosure, assigning an alternative reviewer or Editor, requiring recusal, or taking other measures necessary to prevent the conflict from affecting the publication decision.

Disclosure of a conflict of interest does not necessarily constitute misconduct or prevent publication. The relevant conflict will be assessed based on its nature, potential impact, and whether appropriate measures can be implemented to maintain an independent and transparent editorial process.

5. Conflicts of Interest Identified After Publication

If a conflict of interest is identified after publication, the authors, reviewers, editors, or other relevant parties should promptly inform the editorial team and provide the available information. JAEDC will assess the matter and determine whether a correction, editorial notice, expression of concern, retraction, or other action is appropriate, depending on the nature and significance of the conflict and its potential effect on the published work.

Where necessary, the journal may request relevant documentation or clarification from the authors or their affiliated institutions. Any post-publication action will be handled in accordance with the journal’s Publication Ethics policy and relevant COPE guidance.

6. Transparency and Publication of Disclosure

JAEDC requires authors to provide a Conflict of Interest Statement as part of the manuscript submission. The statement will be included in the published article where applicable. Authors should clearly state either the existence of relevant conflicts of interest or that no conflicts of interest exist.

Confidential information disclosed by reviewers or editors for the purpose of managing conflicts of interest will not be published unless disclosure is necessary for an ethical or editorial action and is consistent with applicable confidentiality requirements. Information concerning conflicts of interest will be handled in a manner that protects the confidentiality and integrity of the editorial and peer-review process.

JAEDC may also restrict or reassign the involvement of editors, reviewers, or other individuals who have a conflict of interest with a submitted manuscript to ensure that editorial and peer-review decisions remain independent and impartial.

Research Ethics and Consent

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) is committed to ensuring that research involving human participants or individual-level data is conducted in accordance with applicable ethical principles, institutional requirements, and relevant regulations. This policy applies, where relevant, to studies involving surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, experiments, or the collection and analysis of personal or identifiable data.

Authors are expected to obtain ethical approval or clearance from an appropriate ethics committee or authorized institution when required. Where applicable, authors must state in the manuscript that ethical approval or clearance and informed consent were obtained. Where formal ethical approval or informed consent is not required or a study is exempt, authors should state this in the manuscript and provide an appropriate justification based on applicable institutional, legal, or ethical requirements. Authors are also responsible for protecting participants' privacy, confidentiality, and rights. JAEDC may request information or documentation regarding ethical approval, informed consent, or an applicable exemption when necessary to assess the ethical conduct of a manuscript. Concerns regarding ethical oversight or participant protection will be handled in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy.

Allegation of Research Misconduct

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) considers research misconduct to include, but not be limited to, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, inappropriate or manipulative citation practices, manipulation of the peer-review process, and other serious violations of research or publication integrity. JAEDC is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record and follows relevant guidance and best practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling allegations of research misconduct.

Allegations of research misconduct may be submitted to the Editor through the journal's official communication channels. The Editor, or another qualified member of the Editorial Board without a relevant conflict of interest, will conduct an initial assessment to determine whether the allegation is relevant, sufficiently supported, and falls within the scope of research or publication misconduct. The Editor will also consider any potential conflict of interest involving the complainant or other parties. Where appropriate, the journal may request clarification or supporting information from the authors and other relevant parties.

When an allegation warrants further consideration, the corresponding author will be invited to provide a response on behalf of the authors. The Editor may seek additional assessment or expert advice when necessary, including from qualified reviewers or relevant specialists. Where the matter requires institutional investigation, JAEDC may refer the case to the relevant author's or researcher's institution and may suspend the editorial or publication process pending the outcome.

If the investigation establishes that misconduct has occurred, JAEDC will take appropriate action based on the nature and severity of the case. For manuscripts under review, the manuscript may be rejected or the editorial process discontinued. For published articles, JAEDC may issue a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate notice in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy and relevant COPE guidance. Any post-publication notice will be linked to the affected article to maintain transparency and the integrity of the scholarly record.

JAEDC will handle allegations of research misconduct fairly, confidentially, and without unnecessary delay. All parties involved are expected to cooperate with the investigation and provide accurate information. The journal will maintain appropriate records of the allegation, investigation, and resulting decision in accordance with applicable confidentiality and publication ethics requirements.

Complaints and Appeals

1. General Concerns or Complaints

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) welcomes concerns and complaints regarding the journal's editorial and publication processes, including peer-review conduct, publication ethics, and suspected violations of journal policies. Complaints should be submitted to jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id with sufficient information and supporting documentation to allow the matter to be assessed.

JAEDC will acknowledge receipt of a complaint within seven (7) days. The complaint will be handled confidentially by the Editor or another qualified member of the Editorial Board who has no conflict of interest with the parties involved. Where a complaint concerns the Editor handling the case, the matter will be referred to an independent Editor or qualified academic appointed by the journal who has no conflict of interest with the parties involved.

JAEDC will assess complaints in accordance with its editorial policies and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Where necessary, the journal may review submission records, editorial correspondence, peer-review reports, and other relevant information. JAEDC aims to complete the investigation within six (6) weeks, although some cases may require additional time depending on their complexity and the need for further information or external assessment.

The outcome of the investigation will be communicated in writing to the relevant party through the journal's official communication channel.

2. Complaints about Published Articles

Concerns regarding the content or integrity of an article that has already been published may be submitted to jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id. Such concerns will be assessed confidentially and in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy and relevant COPE guidance.

JAEDC may conduct an initial assessment to determine whether further investigation is necessary. Where appropriate, the journal may request clarification or supporting documentation from the authors, Editor, reviewers, or other relevant parties. If the concern is substantiated, JAEDC may take appropriate corrective action, including issuing a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or other appropriate notice, depending on the nature and significance of the issue.

The complainant will be informed in writing of the outcome where appropriate. To protect the confidentiality of the parties involved, JAEDC may not provide regular updates during an ongoing investigation.

3. Appealing an Editorial Decision

Authors may appeal an editorial decision when they have reasonable grounds to believe that the decision was based on a significant error, a failure to follow the journal's stated procedures, or relevant information that was not properly considered. An appeal should be submitted to jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id and should provide a clear explanation of the grounds for appeal, together with a detailed response to the relevant editorial or reviewer comments where applicable.

The appeal will be reviewed by the Editor or an independent qualified Editor without a relevant conflict of interest. Where necessary, JAEDC may seek additional assessment from an independent reviewer or qualified academic.

Editorial decisions based solely on the journal's assessment of the manuscript's suitability, scope, quality, or priority may not be reconsidered unless the author provides substantive grounds indicating a significant error or procedural issue. The outcome of an appeal will be communicated in writing. Decisions following a formal appeal are generally final, except where substantial new evidence or a significant procedural error provides a reasonable basis for further consideration.

4. Appealing Corrective Action Taken After Publication

When concerns regarding a published article result in corrective action, including a correction, expression of concern, or retraction, the Editor will make the decision in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy and relevant COPE guidance.

Authors may appeal a post-publication corrective action when they have substantial new evidence or reasonable grounds to believe that a significant procedural error affected the decision. Appeals should be submitted to jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id with a clear explanation of the grounds for appeal and any supporting evidence.

The appeal will be reviewed by the Editor and, where appropriate, an independent qualified Editor, external reviewer, or qualified academic without a relevant conflict of interest. The final outcome will be communicated in writing to the relevant parties. Decisions following an appeal concerning post-publication corrective action are generally final, except where substantial new evidence or a significant procedural error provides a reasonable basis for further consideration.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not allowed in the Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC). Plagiarism refers to using or presenting the words, ideas, concepts, data, figures, or other materials of others as one's own without appropriate acknowledgment. Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are original and that all sources used are properly cited or quoted.

When using words from another source, authors must provide appropriate quotation and citation. Authors must also properly acknowledge previous studies that have influenced the research design, theoretical or conceptual framework, methodology, structure, or interpretation of the manuscript. Proper acknowledgment should be given to publications that have substantially contributed to the reported work.

Self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, and submitting substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously are also considered unacceptable publishing practices.

All manuscripts submitted to JAEDC are checked for plagiarism and text similarity during the initial technical and editorial screening. The Editorial Team conducts a manual examination of citations and quotations and checks the manuscript using Turnitin.

The maximum acceptable Turnitin similarity score is 20%. A manuscript with a similarity score exceeding 20% will be subject to further examination by the Editorial Team to identify the source and nature of the similarity. The similarity score is not by itself a determination of plagiarism, as some similarities may result from quotations, references, commonly used terminology, or other legitimate forms of text overlap.

If plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, or other inappropriate text reuse is identified, JAEDC may request clarification or revision from the authors or reject the manuscript, depending on the nature and extent of the issue. Serious or suspected cases of research or publication misconduct will be handled in accordance with the journal's Allegation of Research Misconduct policy and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

If plagiarism or substantial inappropriate text reuse is identified after publication, JAEDC may take appropriate corrective action, including correction, expression of concern, or retraction, depending on the circumstances and severity of the case.

Data Availability

Authors are expected to provide a clear and accurate Data Availability Statement describing the availability of data supporting the findings of the manuscript. Where possible, research data should be made accessible to support transparency and reproducibility. Authors are encouraged to deposit research data in a trusted public repository and provide a persistent identifier, such as a DOI or permanent link, where available.

When research data cannot be shared publicly, authors must state the reason and describe any applicable restrictions, such as legal, ethical, privacy, confidentiality, or data ownership requirements. Where appropriate, authors may provide access through a controlled or restricted-access repository or other legitimate access arrangements.

For manuscripts that use previously published or publicly available data, authors should provide appropriate citations and information on where the data can be accessed. For Review Articles that do not involve the collection or analysis of original research data, authors should state that no original research data were generated or analyzed.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the Data Availability Statement accurately reflects the data and materials used in the research. Where data sharing is subject to legitimate restrictions, authors should provide sufficient information to explain the nature of the restriction and, where possible, how qualified researchers may obtain access.

Use of Generative AI

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) recognizes that artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI and AI-assisted tools, may be used in scholarly work. The use of AI must not replace the authors' intellectual contribution, scholarly judgment, or responsibility for the submitted work. This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial staff.

Authors

Authors may use AI tools for appropriate purposes, such as language improvement, translation, literature exploration, coding, data analysis, or other technical assistance, provided that they remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate or manipulate data, numerical results, findings, or references. AI tools must also not be used to generate images, figures, tables, quotations, or summaries that are subsequently presented or treated as original research data, evidence, or findings. Any AI-assisted output used in the manuscript must be critically reviewed and verified by the authors.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authors must disclose substantive use of AI in the manuscript and identify the AI tool and its purpose of use. Basic language correction, such as spelling, grammar, and minor readability improvements, does not require disclosure. The disclosure requirements and recommended statement are provided in the Author Guidelines.

Authors must not upload confidential, proprietary, personal, or otherwise sensitive information to AI tools where doing so may compromise privacy, confidentiality, intellectual property, or the rights of research participants or other parties.

Reviewers

Peer review at JAEDC is confidential and based on independent human scholarly judgment. Reviewers must not upload manuscripts, review reports, or other confidential peer-review materials to AI tools without explicit authorization from the journal.

Reviewers must not use AI tools to evaluate manuscripts, generate review conclusions, or formulate review recommendations. Reviewers remain responsible for the content and judgment expressed in their review reports and must comply with the journal's confidentiality and conflict of interest requirements.

Editors and Editorial Staff

Editors and editorial staff must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, editorial correspondence, and other materials obtained through the editorial process. They must not upload confidential manuscript or peer-review materials to AI tools without appropriate authorization and safeguards.

AI tools must not be used as a substitute for human editorial judgment or as the sole basis for editorial decisions. All decisions concerning peer review, revision, acceptance, rejection, and publication remain the responsibility of the Editor.

AI Screening and Compliance

JAEDC may use AI-assisted tools, including similarity or AI-writing detection tools, to support editorial assessment. Such tools are not used as the sole basis for an editorial decision.

If inappropriate, undisclosed, or unethical use of AI is suspected, JAEDC may request clarification or supporting information, require revision, reject the manuscript, or take appropriate post-publication action in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy.

Post-publication Discussions and Corrections

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and transparency of the published scholarly record. Post-publication concerns, discussions, and corrective actions are handled in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Post-publication Discussion

Readers and authors may raise substantive concerns or provide constructive comments regarding published articles through the journal's official communication channel at jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id. The Editor will assess the relevance and validity of the concern and may request clarification or supporting information from the authors or other relevant parties. Where appropriate, a substantive post-publication discussion or response may be considered for publication.

2. Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error in a published article affects the accuracy, interpretation, or understanding of the article but does not invalidate its main findings or conclusions. The Editor will assess the significance of the error and determine whether a correction is necessary.

Corrections will be published as a separate notice and clearly linked to the original article. The notice will identify the corrected information and explain the nature of the correction. The original article will remain part of the published record, with the correction clearly indicated to maintain transparency.

3. Retractions

A published article may be retracted when there is reliable evidence that its findings or conclusions are substantially unreliable, the article contains serious research or publication misconduct, or the article violates important ethical or publication requirements. The decision to retract an article is made by the Editor based on the available evidence and, where necessary, additional assessment or institutional investigation.

A retraction notice will be published separately and clearly linked to the original article. The notice will state the reason for the retraction and identify the affected article. The original article will remain accessible where appropriate, but will be clearly marked as retracted to preserve the transparency and integrity of the scholarly record.

4. Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when there is a substantial and credible concern regarding the integrity, reliability, or ethical conduct of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify a correction or retraction at that time. The Editor may issue an Expression of Concern while further assessment or investigation is ongoing, including when clarification or investigation by the relevant institution is required.

An Expression of Concern will be published as a separate notice and clearly linked to the affected article. The notice will explain the nature of the concern and indicate that the matter remains under investigation. The Expression of Concern may be updated or followed by further corrective action when additional evidence becomes available.

All post-publication corrective actions will be documented appropriately and communicated through the journal's official channels. Where relevant, the Editor may consult independent reviewers, qualified academic experts, or the relevant institution before making a decision. Decisions will be based on the available evidence and relevant publication ethics principles rather than solely on the identity or status of the person raising the concern.

Intellectual Property Policy

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) respects intellectual property rights and is committed to protecting authors' rights while supporting the responsible dissemination and reuse of published scholarly work.

Authors retain the copyright of their articles published in JAEDC. The copyright year corresponds to the year of publication. By publishing an article in JAEDC, authors grant the journal the right of first publication and the right to publish and distribute the article.

Authors are permitted to deposit and share their published articles, including through institutional repositories, personal websites, and academic platforms, provided that the original publication in JAEDC is properly acknowledged and cited.

All articles published by JAEDC are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits others to share and adapt the published work, including for commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the author(s), the original publication is properly cited, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made to the original work are indicated. 

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscripts do not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Any third-party materials, including figures, tables, images, instruments, or substantial text excerpts, must be appropriately cited and, where required, used with permission from the relevant copyright holder.

JAEDC accepts manuscripts that have previously appeared as theses, dissertations, conference papers, working papers, or preprints, provided that such prior dissemination is disclosed during submission and does not violate copyright or publication ethics. Authors are responsible for ensuring that they have the right to submit and publish such work.

Any suspected infringement of intellectual property rights will be assessed in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy. Where an infringement is established, JAEDC may take appropriate action, including requesting correction or clarification, rejecting the manuscript, or issuing a correction, expression of concern, or retraction for a published article, depending on the nature and severity of the case.

The name, logo, website design, and other branding elements of JAEDC and its publisher may not be used in a misleading or unauthorized manner.

This policy supports the protection of author rights, responsible reuse of published work, and transparent and ethical open-access publishing.

Open Access Policy

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

JAEDC is an open access journal, meaning that all published content is freely available at no cost to users or institutions. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Withdrawal of Manuscripts

Authors are expected to carefully consider their submission before submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC). Manuscripts should not be withdrawn solely because of a change in the authors’ preference, submission to another journal, or dissatisfaction with the peer review process. Withdrawal requests may be considered for valid reasons, including substantial errors in the manuscript that cannot be adequately addressed through revision, ethical or legal concerns affecting the submission, or other circumstances that prevent the manuscript from being responsibly processed or published.

Authors who wish to withdraw a manuscript must submit a written request to jaedc@mail.uns.ac.id, stating the manuscript title, submission details, reason for withdrawal, and confirmation from all authors. The corresponding author is responsible for submitting the request and confirming the agreement of all authors.

Withdrawal requests are reviewed and decided by the Editor. The Editor may request additional information or clarification before making a decision. JAEDC will communicate the decision to the corresponding author and maintain records of the withdrawal request and related correspondence.

A manuscript may not be withdrawn without editorial approval once it has entered the peer review or editorial process. If a withdrawal request raises concerns about plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, peer review manipulation, or other forms of research or publication misconduct, the matter will be handled in accordance with the Allegation of Research Misconduct policy. The withdrawal process may be suspended while the concern is assessed.

If a manuscript has already been published, it cannot be withdrawn as a manuscript. Any necessary post-publication action will be considered under the journal’s Post-publication Discussions and Corrections policy, including correction, expression of concern, or retraction where appropriate.

Publication Ethics

The Journal of Applied Economics in Developing Countries (JAEDC) is committed to maintaining high standards of publication ethics and protecting the integrity of the scholarly record. This policy sets out the ethical responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial staff involved in the publication process. JAEDC follows the relevant principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Authors

Authors must report their research accurately, honestly, and transparently. Manuscripts must present research findings and data without fabrication, falsification, inappropriate manipulation, or intentional misrepresentation. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscripts are original, properly acknowledge the work of others, and are not simultaneously submitted to or previously published by another journal, except where prior dissemination is permitted under the journal's policies.

Authors must properly cite all sources, data, ideas, and other materials that have contributed to their work. Substantial text reuse, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate or redundant publication, and inappropriate citation practices are not permitted. Where several publications arise from the same research project, authors must disclose the relationship between the manuscripts and appropriately cite related publications.

Authorship must accurately reflect substantial intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript. All listed authors must approve the final manuscript and agree to its submission and authorship. Changes to authorship must follow the journal's Authorship and Contributorship policy.

Authors must disclose relevant funding and actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest. Authors must also comply with applicable ethical requirements for research involving human participants, surveys, interviews, personal or identifiable data, or other individual-level information. Where applicable, manuscripts must include information on ethics approval and informed consent.

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of their submitted and published work. If a significant error is identified, authors must promptly inform the Editor and cooperate with the journal in correcting the published record. Authors are also expected to cooperate with reasonable requests for clarification, supporting documentation, data, or other information relevant to the integrity of the research.

Substantive use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's Use of Generative AI policy. AI tools cannot be listed as authors and must not replace authors' intellectual contribution, judgment, or responsibility for the manuscript.

Reviewers

Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and all materials obtained through the peer review process. Information, data, ideas, or arguments contained in an unpublished manuscript must not be shared, disclosed, or used for personal or professional benefit without appropriate authorization.

Reviewers must evaluate manuscripts objectively, fairly, and constructively. Reviews should provide clear reasons and evidence for comments and recommendations and should distinguish necessary revisions from suggestions intended only to improve or extend the manuscript.

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been appropriately cited and inform the Editor of substantial similarity, possible plagiarism, ethical concerns, or suspected research or publication misconduct. Reviewers should not investigate such concerns independently unless requested by the Editor.

Reviewers must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest and decline a review where the conflict could compromise impartiality. Reviewers must also inform the journal if they become aware of information that could compromise the double-blind review process.

Reviewers should accept assignments only when they have the appropriate expertise and can complete the review within the specified time. If additional time is required, reviewers should inform the Editor as soon as possible.

Reviewers must not upload manuscripts, review reports, or other confidential peer review materials to generative AI or other external tools without explicit authorization and appropriate safeguards.

Editors and Editorial Staff

Editors are responsible for ensuring fair, transparent, and consistent editorial processes and for maintaining the integrity of the academic record. Editorial decisions must be based on the scholarly quality, originality, relevance, methodological soundness, and conformity of the manuscript with the journal's scope and policies. Decisions must not be influenced by personal characteristics, affiliations, nationality, gender, religion, or other irrelevant considerations.

Editors must manage the peer review process fairly and select reviewers with appropriate expertise while avoiding conflicts of interest. JAEDC applies double-blind peer review, and editors must take reasonable measures to protect the identities and confidentiality of authors and reviewers.

Editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts, peer review materials, correspondence, and other unpublished information. Unpublished information obtained through the editorial process must not be used for personal or professional benefit without appropriate authorization.

Editors must disclose and appropriately manage any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest. An editor must recuse themselves from handling a manuscript where a conflict could compromise impartiality. Manuscripts submitted by an editor or a member of the Editorial Board should be handled by an independent editor to maintain an impartial editorial process.

Editors may consult other editors, reviewers, or qualified academic experts when additional assessment is necessary. Reviewer recommendations are advisory, and the final publication decision rests with the Editor in accordance with the journal's Peer Review Process.

Editors must act when credible concerns regarding plagiarism, research misconduct, ethical violations, authorship, conflicts of interest, data integrity, or other publication ethics issues arise, whether before or after publication. Editors should not make allegations of misconduct solely on the basis of suspicion and should seek appropriate evidence or clarification before taking action.

Where concerns are substantiated, JAEDC may take appropriate action, including requesting clarification or revision, rejecting a manuscript, issuing a correction or expression of concern, or retracting a published article, depending on the nature and significance of the issue.

Publication Integrity

JAEDC does not tolerate plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate manipulation of peer review, unethical research practices, or other serious violations of research and publication integrity.

Concerns regarding research or publication misconduct are handled in accordance with the journal's Allegation of Research Misconduct policy. Complaints concerning editorial processes or decisions are handled in accordance with the Complaints and Appeals policy. Matters concerning authorship, conflicts of interest, ethical oversight, plagiarism, data availability, intellectual property, generative AI, withdrawal, and post-publication actions are handled under the relevant JAEDC policies.

JAEDC is committed to maintaining an accurate and reliable published record. When a published article contains an error or raises a credible concern, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction in accordance with its Post-publication Discussions and Corrections policy.

JAEDC also maintains procedures for the withdrawal of manuscripts before publication in accordance with its Withdrawal of Manuscripts policy. A manuscript that has already been published is not withdrawn; any necessary post-publication action is handled through the appropriate correction, expression of concern, or retraction process.

JAEDC follows relevant COPE principles and guidance in addressing publication ethics and research integrity matters. All concerns and investigations are handled fairly, confidentially, and without unnecessary delay, while maintaining appropriate records of decisions and actions taken.