Effect of rice straw and garbage enzyme addition on soil properties and plant growth of rice

Toan Nguyen-Sy, Hanh Hong Do, Yen Anh Thi Tran, Hoa Thi Kieu, Uyen Huynh Thi Diem, Ngoc-Son Tran

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to examine the impacts of rice straw and garbage enzyme generated from local vegetable and fruit waste on plant growth and carbohydrate or ammonium extraction from paddy soil after one month of growth in a pot experiment. Samples of topsoil were obtained from a depth of 0-15 cm, and the following treatments were applied: control (10 g soil), RS (adding 30 g soil + 0.6 g rice straw), GE (30 g soil + garbage enzyme), and combination (adding 30 g soil+ rice straw and garbage enzyme) maintained at room temperature. The study findings indicated that there were no observable impacts of rice straw and garbage enzyme application on biomass. However, RS addition seems to reduce root length but enhance shoot length. Soil carbohydrates that were extracted ranged from 61 to 207 mg kg−1 soil, and treatments with rice straw addition exhibited significantly higher levels compared to those without it (p < 0.05). The ammonium content was low. It could be concluded that at the initial seedling stage, rice straw has more effects on soil properties and plant growth than garbage enzyme. To fully assess the effects of rice straw and garbage enzyme on soil properties and plant growth, it is recommended that further research be conducted over longer periods

Keywords

Garbage enzyme; Paddy soil; Rice growth; Rice straw; Soil carbohydrates

Full Text:

PDF

References

Albalasmeh, A. A., Berhe, A. A., & Ghezzehei, T. A. (2013). A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072.

Allen, J., Pascual, K. S., Romasanta, R. R., Van Trinh, M., Van Thach, T., Van Hung, N., . . . Chivenge, P. (2020). Rice Straw Management Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Options. In M. Gummert, N. V. Hung, P. Chivenge, & B. Douthwaite (Eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management (pp. 145-159). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_9

Arun, C., & Sivashanmugam, P. (2015). Investigation of biocatalytic potential of garbage enzyme and its influence on stabilization of industrial waste activated sludge. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 94, 471-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.10.008.

Bongiorno, G., Bünemann, E. K., Oguejiofor, C. U., Meier, J., Gort, G., Comans, R., . . . de Goede, R. (2019). Sensitivity of labile carbon fractions to tillage and organic matter management and their potential as comprehensive soil quality indicators across pedoclimatic conditions in Europe. Ecological Indicators, 99, 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.12.008.

Cheng, W., Padre, A. T., Sato, C., Shiono, H., Hattori, S., Kajihara, A., . . . Kumagai, K. (2016). Changes in the soil C and N contents, C decomposition and N mineralization potentials in a rice paddy after long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic matter. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62(2), 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2016.1155169.

Dobermann, A., & Fairhurst, T. H. (2002). Rice Straw Management. Better Crops Internationa, 16( Special Supplement). http://ipni.net/publication/bci.nsf/0/163087B956D0EFF485257BBA006531E8/$FILE/Better%20Crops%20International%202002-3%20p07.pdf.

Gu, S., Xu, D., Zhou, F., Chen, C., Liu, C., Tian, M., & Jiang, A. (2021). The Garbage Enzyme with Chinese Hoenylocust Fruits Showed Better Properties and Application than When Using the Garbage Enzyme Alone. Foods, 10(11), 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112656.

Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Yu, D., Yao, X., Han, J., Cheng, R., . . . Zhu, G. (2021). Garbage enzymes effectively regulated the succession of enzymatic activities and the bacterial community during sewage sludge composting. Bioresource Technology, 327, 124792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124792.

Kautsar, V., Cheng, W., Tawaraya, K., Yamada, S., Toriyama, K., & Kobayashi, K. (2020). Carbon and nitrogen stocks and their mineralization potentials are higher under organic than conventional farming practices in Japanese Andosols. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66(1), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2019.1705739.

Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Kwon, S.-W., & Sa, T.-M. (2010). Bacillus methylotrophicus sp. nov., a methanol-utilizing, plant-growth-promoting bacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 60(10), 2490-2495. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.015487-0.

Nguyen-Sy, T., Cheng, W., Kimani, S. M., Shiono, H., Sugawara, R., Tawaraya, K., . . . Kumagai, K. (2020). Stable carbon isotope ratios of water-extractable organic carbon affected by application of rice straw and rice straw compost during a long-term rice experiment in Yamagata, Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2019.1708209.

Nguyen-Sy, T., Do, V. T. T., & Duy, D. P. (2022). Soil carbon mineralization affected by hot water and ultrasound pretreatment. SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 19(1), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.57554.

Nguyen-Sy, T., Nguyen, T. D. P., Thu, T. T. N., Lim, D. T., Dong, P. D., Gia, N. T., . . . Show, P. L. (2021). Soil mineralization as effects of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from microalgae in wastewater and rice straw application in a long-term paddy rice in Central Viet Nam. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101982.

Pansu, M., & Thuriès, L. (2003). Kinetics of C and N mineralization, N immobilization and N volatilization of organic inputs in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00234-1.

Rani, A., Negi, S., Hussain, A., & Kumar, S. (2020). Treatment of urban municipal landfill leachate utilizing garbage enzyme. Bioresource Technology, 297, 122437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122437.

Rasit, N., & Chee Kuan, O. (2018). Investigation on the Influence of Bio-catalytic Enzyme Produced from Fruit and Vegetable Waste on Palm Oil Mill Effluent. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 140(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012015.

Ratnayake, R. R., Seneviratne, G., & Kulasooriya, S. A. (2013). Effect of soil carbohydrates on nutrient availability in natural forests and cultivated lands in Sri Lanka. Eurasian Soil Science, 46(5), 579-586. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229313050177.

Rekha, K., Baskar, B., Srinath, S., & Usha, B. (2018). Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis RR4 isolated from rice rhizosphere induces malic acid biosynthesis in rice roots. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 64(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-040.

Sambaraju, S., & Sree Lakshmi, V. (2020). Eco-friendly treatment of dairy wastewater using garbage enzyme. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 650-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.719.

Tang, S., Cheng, W., Hu, R., Guigue, J., Kimani, S. M., Tawaraya, K., & Xu, X. (2016). Simulating the effects of soil temperature and moisture in the off-rice season on rice straw decomposition and subsequent CH4 production during the growth season in a paddy soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 52(5), 739-748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1114-8.

Thi, L. H. N., Thi, L. D., Insixiengmai, O., & Nguyen-Sy, T. (2022). Modeling Nitrogen Uptake in Eight Common Leafy Vegetables in Red River Delta, Vietnam. AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science, 44(2), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i2.3009.

Toan, N.-S., Hanh, D. H., Dong Phuong, N. T., Thuy, P. T., Dong, P. D., Gia, N. T., . . . Show, P. L. (2022). Effects of burning rice straw residue on-field on soil organic carbon pools: Environment-friendly approach from a conventional rice paddy in central Viet Nam. Chemosphere, 294, 133596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133596.

Toan, N.-S., Tan, X., Phuong, N. T. D., Aron, N. S. M., Chew, K. W., Khoo, K. S., . . . Show, P. L. (2021). Advanced green bioprocess of soil carbohydrate extraction from long-term conversion of forest soil to paddy field. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5), 106021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106021.

Uzoho, B., & Igbojionu, G. (2014). Carbohydrate distribution of particle size fractions of soils in relation to land-use types in Mbaise, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(2), 27-36. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/10563.

Van Hung, N., Maguyon-Detras, M. C., Migo, M. V., Quilloy, R., Balingbing, C., Chivenge, P., & Gummert, M. (2020). Rice Straw Overview: Availability, Properties, and Management Practices. In M. Gummert, N. V. Hung, P. Chivenge, & B. Douthwaite (Eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management (pp. 1-13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_1

Wang, W., Wu, X., Chen, A., Xie, X., Wang, Y., & Yin, C. (2016). Mitigating effects of ex situ application of rice straw on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting system. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 37402. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37402.

Zhu, G., Cheng, D., Liu, X., Nie, P., Zuo, R., Zhang, H., & Wang, X. (2020). Effects of Garbage Enzyme on the Heavy Metal Contents and the Growth of Castor under Mine Tailing. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 474(2), 022010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/474/2/022010.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.