Effects of rice husk biochar and raised bed on CO2 flux and shallot (Allium cepa L.) production on peatland

Eka Widiawati Wijaya Kusuma, Azwar Maas, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami, Eni Maftuah

Abstract

This study aims to assess the effect of rice husk biochar, raised beds, and chicken manure on the CO2 flux and shallot production on peatland. This study adopted a factorial randomized block design with three factors and three replications. The P1 treatment was recommended by the Swamp Land Agricultural Research Institute by adding chicken manure (5 ton ha−1) and rice husk biochar (5 ton ha−1) while the P2 treatment was recommended by the Vegetable Research Institute by adding chicken manure (10 ton ha−1). The raised beds heights were 20 cm (A) and 30 cm (B). Variance analyses were applied to each observation variable and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The P1A treatment was the best in improving the shallot production up to 10.88 tons and producing the lowest CO2 cumulative flux up to 0.158 ton ha-1 season-1.

Keywords

Ameliorant; Emission; Greenhouse gases; Histosol; Organic fertilizer

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ebe, S., & Ano, T. (2020). Rice husk biochar with beneficial microbes: A promising agricultural inoculant and soil ameliorant. Research OUTREACH, 113. https://doi.org/10.32907/RO-113-5053


Ezzariai, A., Hafidi, M., Khadra, A., Aemig, Q., El Fels, L., Barret, M., Merlina, G., Patureau, D., & Pinelli, E. (2018). Human and veterinary antibiotics during composting of sludge or manure: Global perspectives on persistence, degradation, and resistance genes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 359, 465-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.092


Ghorbani, M., Asadi, H., & Abrishamkesh, S. (2019). Effects of rice husk biochar on selected soil properties and nitrate leaching in loamy sand and clay soil. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(3), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.05.005


Harsono, S. S. (2020). Mitigation And Adaptation Peatland Through Sustainable Agricultural Approaches In Indonesia: In A Review. AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 4(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v4i1.30


Hergoualc'h, K., Carmenta, R., Atmadja, S., Martius, C., Murdiyarso, D., & Purnomo, H. (2018). Managing peatlands in Indonesia: challenges and opportunities for local and global communities. CIFOR Infobrief(205). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/006449


Hirano, T., Sundari, S., & Yamada, H. (2016). CO2 Balance of Tropical Peat Ecosystems. In M. Osaki & N. Tsuji (Eds.), Tropical Peatland Ecosystems (pp. 329-337). Springer Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_21


Itakura, T., Nakatsugawa, M., Sugimoto, H., & Watanabe, Y. (2016). Characteristics of Watershed in Central Kalimantan. In M. Osaki & N. Tsuji (Eds.), Tropical Peatland Ecosystems (pp. 247-263). Springer Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_16


Kern, J., Tammeorg, P., Shanskiy, M., Sakrabani, R., Knicker, H., Kammann, C., Tuhkanen, E.-M., Smidt, G., Prasad, M., & Tiilikkala, K. (2017). Synergistic use of peat and charred material in growing media–an option to reduce the pressure on peatlands? Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 25(2), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1284665


Maftu'ah, E., & Nursyamsi, D. (2019). Effect of Biochar on Peat Soil Fertility and NPK Uptake by Corn [biochar; corn; NPK uptake; peatland; soil fertility]. 2019, 41(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v41i1.854


Maftu’ah, E., Susilawati, A., & Hayati, A. (2019). Effectiveness of ameliorant and fertilizer on improving soil fertility, growth and yields of red chili in degraded peatland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 393, 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/393/1/012011


Maftuah, E., Simatupang, R., Subagyo, H., & Nursyamsi, D. (2016). Effectiveness of some ameliorants in reducing Co2 and N2o Emission in corn Planting in peat land. Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management, 4(1). https://ijwem.ulm.ac.id/index.php/ijwem/article/view/50


Maswar, Firmansyah, A., Haryati, U., & Irawan. (2021). The effect of ameliorant on peat soil properties and shallots productivity in peatlands. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648(1), 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012057


Menya, E., Olupot, P. W., Storz, H., Lubwama, M., & Kiros, Y. (2018). Production and performance of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of natural organic matter from water: A review. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 129, 271-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.008


Mohamad, N., Abustan, I., Mohamad, M., & Samuding, K. (2018). Metal removal from municipal landfill leachate using mixture of laterite soil, peat soil and rice husk. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(10, Part 2), 21832-21840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.07.039


Mosharrof, M., Uddin, M. K., Sulaiman, M. F., Mia, S., Shamsuzzaman, S. M., & Haque, A. N. A. (2021). Combined Application of Rice Husk Biochar and Lime Increases Phosphorus Availability and Maize Yield in an Acidic Soil. Agriculture, 11(8), 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080793


Osaki, M., Nursyamsi, D., Noor, M., Wahyunto, & Segah, H. (2016). Peatland in Indonesia. In M. Osaki & N. Tsuji (Eds.), Tropical Peatland Ecosystems (pp. 49-58). Springer Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_3


Setyadjit, & Sukasih, E. (2015). Effect of Addition of Filler on the Production of Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum L.) Powder with Drum Dryer. Procedia Food Science, 3, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.044


Sulakhudin, S., Hatta, M., & Suryadi, U. E. (2019). Application of Coastal Sediments and Foliar Seaweed Extract and Its Influence to Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Shallot in Peatland [Coastal Sediment; Peat; Seaweed Extract; Shallot; West Kalimantan]. 2019, 41(3), 11. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v41i3.939


Surahman, A., Soni, P., & Shivakoti, G. P. (2018). Reducing CO2 emissions and supporting food security in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with improved peatland management. Land Use Policy, 72, 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.050


Varela Milla, O., Rivera, E. B., Huang, W.-J., Chien, C.-., C, & Wang, Y.-M. (2013). Agronomic properties and characterization of rice husk and wood biochars and their effect on the growth of water spinach in a field test. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 13, 251-266. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162013005000022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.47974

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.