Sustainability performance of organic farming at vegetable fields in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims to maintain high productivity while maintaining soil quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the sustainability performance of organic vegetable farming systems with soil quality indicators as a soil quality assessment tool. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in Chinese cabbage in Baturiti Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia, were evaluated as indicators for predicting organic cabbage production and yield. Soil samples were obtained from organic farming systems that have been going on for 1, 3, and 5 years after certification, compared with conventional farming systems. The results showed that the soil quality of the organic farming system after 5 years (OF5) was significantly higher than the conventional farming system. Physically, soil moisture at the field capacity in OF5 was significantly higher than that in the other systems. Chemically, the organic C and cation exchange capacity in organic systems were significantly higher than in conventional systems. The same results were shown by soil respiration, which means that there was high soil microbial activity. Based on the cumulative soil quality rating, it is concluded that the OF5 system met the sustainability criteria, with no high input required.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abrougui, K., Gabsi, K., Mercatoris, B., Khemis, C., Amami, R., & Chehaibi, S. (2019). Prediction of organic potato yield using tillage systems and soil properties by artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regressions (MLR). Soil and Tillage Research, 190, 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.01.011
Assunção, S. A., Pereira, M. G., Rosset, J. S., Berbara, R. L. L., & García, A. C. (2019). Carbon input and the structural quality of soil organic matter as a function of agricultural management in a tropical climate region of Brazil. Science of The Total Environment, 658, 901-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.271
Bakhshandeh, E., Francaviglia, R., & Renzi, G. (2019). A cost and time-effective method to evaluate soil microbial respiration for soil quality assessment. Applied Soil Ecology, 140, 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.04.023
Boone, L., Roldán-Ruiz, I., Van linden, V., Muylle, H., & Dewulf, J. (2019). Environmental sustainability of conventional and organic farming: Accounting for ecosystem services in life cycle assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 695, 133841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133841
Chabert, A., & Sarthou, J.-P. (2020). Conservation agriculture as a promising trade-off between conventional and organic agriculture in bundling ecosystem services. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 292, 106815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106815
Das, A., Patel, D. P., Kumar, M., Ramkrushna, G. I., Mukherjee, A., Layek, J., Ngachan, S. V., & Buragohain, J. (2017). Impact of seven years of organic farming on soil and produce quality and crop yields in eastern Himalayas, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 236, 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.007
Domínguez-Haydar, Y., Velásquez, E., Carmona, J., Lavelle, P., Chavez, L. F., & Jiménez, J. J. (2019). Evaluation of reclamation success in an open-pit coal mine using integrated soil physical, chemical and biological quality indicators. Ecological Indicators, 103, 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.015
Franzluebbers, A. J., & Veum, K. S. (2020). Comparison of two alkali trap methods for measuring the flush of CO2. Agronomy Journal, 112(2), 1279-1286. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20141
Ge, Y., & Wu, H. (2020). Prediction of corn price fluctuation based on multiple linear regression analysis model under big data. Neural Computing and Applications, 32(22), 16843-16855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-03970-4
Ghaemi, M., Astaraei, A. R., Emami, H., Nassiri Mahalati, M., & Sanaeinejad, S. H. (2014). Determining soil indicators for soil sustainability assessment using principal component analysis of astan quds- east of mashhad- Iran. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 14, 1005-1020. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162014000400017&nrm=iso
Gu, J.-D., & McGill, W. B. (2017). Microbial biomass C and N dynamics, and 15 N incorporation into microbial biomass under faba bean, canola, barley, and summer fallow in a Gray Luvisol. Applied Environmental Biotechnology, 2(1), 4657. https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2017.01.007
Güldner, D., & Krausmann, F. (2017). Nutrient recycling and soil fertility management in the course of the industrial transition of traditional, organic agriculture: The case of Bruck estate, 1787–1906. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 249, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.07.038
Hairiah, K., Van Noordwijk, M., & Cadisch, G. (2000). Crop yield, C and N balance of three types of cropping systems on an Ultisol in Northern Lampung. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 48(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-5214(00)80001-9
Herencia, J., Pérez-Romero, L., Daza, A., & Arroyo, F. (2020). Chemical and biological indicators of soil quality in organic and conventional Japanese plum orchards. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 1-20.
Jiang, X., Zou, B., Feng, H., Tang, J., Tu, Y., & Zhao, X. (2019). Spatial distribution mapping of Hg contamination in subclass agricultural soils using GIS enhanced multiple linear regression. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 196, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.10.002
Kadam, A. K., Wagh, V. M., Muley, A. A., Umrikar, B. N., & Sankhua, R. N. (2019). Prediction of water quality index using artificial neural network and multiple linear regression modelling approach in Shivganga River basin, India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 5(3), 951-962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00581-3
Lee, Y., Jung, C., & Kim, S. (2019). Spatial distribution of soil moisture estimates using a multiple linear regression model and Korean geostationary satellite (COMS) data. Agricultural Water Management, 213, 580-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.004
Liu, Z., Dugan, B., Masiello, C. A., & Gonnermann, H. M. (2017). Biochar particle size, shape, and porosity act together to influence soil water properties. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179079. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179079
Mackay, A. D., Vibart, R., McKenzie, C., Costall, D., Bilotto, F., & Kelliher, F. M. (2021). Soil organic carbon stocks in hill country pastures under contrasting phosphorus fertiliser and sheep stocking regimes, and topographical features. Agricultural Systems, 186, 102980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102980
Maini, A., Sharma, V., & Sharma, S. (2020). Assessment of soil carbon and biochemical indicators of soil quality under rainfed land use systems in North Eastern region of Punjab, India. Carbon Management, 11(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2020.1721976
Nabiollahi, K., Golmohamadi, F., Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, R., Kerry, R., & Davari, M. (2018). Assessing the effects of slope gradient and land use change on soil quality degradation through digital mapping of soil quality indices and soil loss rate. Geoderma, 318, 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.024
Nurhidayati, N., Machfudz, M., & Murwani, I. (2018). Direct and residual effect of various vermicompost on soil nutrient and nutrient uptake dynamics and productivity of four mustard Pak-Coi (Brassica rapa L.) sequences in organic farming system. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 7(2), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0203-0
Obour, P. B., Jensen, J. L., Lamandé, M., Watts, C. W., & Munkholm, L. J. (2018). Soil organic matter widens the range of water contents for tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 182, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.001
Olorunfemi, I. E., Fasinmirin, J. T., Olufayo, A. A., & Komolafe, A. A. (2020). Total carbon and nitrogen stocks under different land use/land cover types in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Geoderma Regional, 22, e00320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2020.e00320
Patil, S., Reidsma, P., Shah, P., Purushothaman, S., & Wolf, J. (2014). Comparing conventional and organic agriculture in Karnataka, India: Where and when can organic farming be sustainable? Land Use Policy, 37, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.01.006
Reganold, J. P., & Wachter, J. M. (2016). Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants, 2(2), 15221. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.221
Röös, E., Mie, A., Wivstad, M., Salomon, E., Johansson, B., Gunnarsson, S., Wallenbeck, A., Hoffmann, R., Nilsson, U., Sundberg, C., & Watson, C. A. (2018). Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0489-3
Sardiana, I., Adnyana, I., Manuaba, I., & Agung, I. (2014). Soil organic carbon, labile carbon and organic carbon storage under organic and conventional systems of Chinese cabbage in Baturiti, Bali Indonesia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(12), 63-71. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/12947
Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012). Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature, 485(7397), 229-232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11069
Sihi, D., Dari, B., Sharma, D. K., Pathak, H., Nain, L., & Sharma, O. P. (2017). Evaluation of soil health in organic vs. conventional farming of basmati rice in North India. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 180(3), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201700128
Singh, A. K., Dhanapal, S., & Yadav, B. S. (2020). The dynamic responses of plant physiology and metabolism during environmental stress progression. Molecular Biology Reports, 47(2), 1459-1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-05198-4
Skinner, C., Gattinger, A., Krauss, M., Krause, H.-M., Mayer, J., van der Heijden, M. G. A., & Mäder, P. (2019). The impact of long-term organic farming on soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1702. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38207-w
Sparks, D. L., Page, A., Helmke, P., & Loeppert, R. H. (2020). Methods of soil analysis, part 3: Chemical methods (Vol. 14). John Wiley & Sons.
Srivastava, R., Mohapatra, M., & Latare, A. (2020). Impact of land use changes on soil quality and species diversity in the Vindhyan dry tropical region of India. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 36(2), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467419000385
Zhang, M., Cheng, G., Feng, H., Sun, B., Zhao, Y., Chen, H., Chen, J., Dyck, M., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, A. (2017). Effects of straw and biochar amendments on aggregate stability, soil organic carbon, and enzyme activities in the Loess Plateau, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(11), 10108-10120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8505-8
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.