The Postponed Regional Head Elections in Emergency Situations: a Constitutional Democracy Perspective in Indonesia

Fikri Ahsan, Wahyu Andrianto, Djarot Dimas Achmad Andaru, Mohamad Mohamad Hanapi

Abstract

The postponement of regional head elections may be done when the country is declared in a state of emergency. Emergencies such as war, economic crises, disease epidemics, and natural disasters affect the constitutional rights of citizens regulated by the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, legal instruments are needed to avoid unconstitutionality in fulfilling constitutional rights and democratic values during emergencies or dangers, including postponing regional elections during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution is the most relevant legal basis for activating emergency constitutional law   when   the   state   is  declared dangerous. However, Article 22 of the 1945 Constitution was preferred in postponing  regional  elections.  Even though the holding of elections itself is guaranteed by the constitution every five years, on the other hand, the constitution has not regulated the postponement of elections if the country is in danger or an emergency. So, in the future, there will need to be constitutional amendments and new regulations that further widen the spectrum of dangerous or emergency conditions without forgetting Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution as a consideration

Keywords

democracy; regional head election; emergency

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aida, Nur Rohmi. (2020). Berikut Daftar 270 Daerah yang Gelar Pilkada Serentak 9 Desember 2020. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/12/05/193100165/ berikut-daftar-270-daerah-yang-gelar-pilkada-serentak-9-desember-2020? page=all

Arsil, Fitra. (2018). Menggagas Pembatasan Pembentukan Dan Materi Muatan GovernementRegulationinLieu:StudiPerbandinganPengaturanDanPenggunaan Governement Regulation in Lieu Di Negara-Negara Presidensial. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, Volume 48, Number 1.

Arsil, Fitra and Qurrata Ayuni. (2020). Model Pengaturan Kedaruratan Dan Pilihan Kedaruratan Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan Tahun Volume 50, Number 2.

Artist, Sarah. (2022). Supporting Local Councillors in New South Wales, Australia.Sydney: Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance 27.

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. (2007). Hukum Tata Negara Darurat. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.

Ayuni, Qurrata. (2023). Konsep HTN Darurat Menurut UUD NRI Tahun 1945. https://tatanegara.ui.ac.id/konsep-htn-darurat-menurut-uud-nri-tahun-1945/ Bagoes Matra, Ida. (2015). Demografi Umum. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Bagus Prasetio, Rizki. (2021). Pandemi COVID-19: Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara Darurat dan Perlindungan HAM. Jakarta: Balitbang Hukum dan HAM, Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 15 (2). https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index. php/kebijakan/article/view/1751/pdf

Biro Humas Kementerian Kominfo. (2022). Digitalisasi Pemilu, Menkominfo Dorong Studi Banding Penerapan di Negara Lain. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/ detail/40725/siaran-pers-no-100hmkominfo032022-tentang-digitalisasi-pemilu- menkominfo-dorong-studi-banding-penerapan-di-negara-lain/0/siaran_pers

Charta Politika. (2020). Rilis Survei Nasional “Trend 3 Bulan Kondisi Politik, Ekonomi dan Hukum Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19”. https://www.chartapolitika.com/ rilis-survei-nasional-trend-3-bulan-kondisi-politik-ekonomi-dan-hukum-pada- masa-pandemi-covid-19/Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945

Economist Intelligence, (2021). Government and opposition agree to postpone elections. https://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=1621013345&Country=Argentina&topic=Politics&subtopic=Forecast&subsubtopic=Election+watch

Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 23 of 1959 concerning the Repeal of Law Number 74 of 1957 and the Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 160 of 1957 and the Determination of The State of Danger

Indikator. (2020). Rilis Survei Nasional Indikator: Politik, Demokrasi, dan Pilkada di Era Pandemi COVID-19. https://indikator.co.id/rilis-survei-nasional-indikator-251020/

Law Number 04 of 1984 on Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Law Number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights

Law Number 11 of 2005 on Ratification of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights)

Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health

Law Number 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine

Law Number 6 of 2020 on Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2020 concerning Third Amendment to Law Number 1 of 2015 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors into Law

Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 on the Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the Context of Accelerating the Management of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

International IDEA, (2020). Global overview of COVID-19: Impact on Elections. https:// www.idea.int/news-media/multimedia-reports/global-overview-covid-19- impact-elections

Harbowo, Nikolaus. (2020). Masyarakat Dukung Penundaan Pilkada 2020. https:// www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2020/03/29/masyarakat-dukung-penundaan- pilkada-2020

Heath, Maximilian. (2022). Argentina pushes back mid-term elections as COVID-19 rages. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/argentina-pushes-back-mid- term-elections-covid-19-rages-2021-05-08/

Iyer, Venkat. (2000). State of Emergency: The Indian Experiences. New Delhi: Butterworths.

Kamil, Irfan. (2020). Waspadai Potensi Penularan COVID-19 Saat Pemungutan Suara Pilkada.https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/12/08/05000081/waspadai- potensi-penularan-covid-19-saat-pemungutan-suara-pilkada?page=all

Kumparan News. (2020). Survei RTK: 51,2% Masyarakat Setuju Pilkada Serentak 2020 Diundur. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/survei-rtk-51-2-masyarakat- setuju-pilkada-serentak-2020-diundur-1tRen7H1o8k/2

Manan, Bagir and Susi Dwi Harijanti. (2017). Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang- Undang dalam Perspektif Ajaran Konstitusi dan Prinsip Negara Hukum. Bandung: Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4 (2).

Masrully. (2022). Wacana Digitalisasi Pemilu: Seberapa Siapkah Indonesia?. https://lan. go.id/?p=9942

Mehozay, Y. (2016). Between the Rule of Law and States of Emergency: The Fluid Jurisprudence of the Israeli Regime. USA: State University of New York Press.

Polmatrix Indonesia. (2020). Survei: Khawatir Ciptakan Klaster Baru, Publik Minta Pilkada 2020 Ditunda. https://polmatrix.com/survei-khawatir-ciptakan-klaster- baru-publik-minta-pilkada-2020-ditunda/

Posner, R. A. (2006). Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency.USA: Oxford University Press.

Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020 on the Determination of Non-Natural Disasters Spreading Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) as a National Disaster

Ratto, Maria Celeste. (2022). Elections Under COVID-19 Conditions: The Argentine Case.Stockholm: International IDEA.

Vashchanka, Vasil. (2020). Political Manoeuvres and Legal Conundrums Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic: The 2020 Presidential Election in Poland. Stockholm: International IDEA

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.