Implementation Regionalization Principle Based on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement According to Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)

Velicia Theoartha Manalu, Sinta Dewi Rosadi, Prita Amalia

Abstract

The practice of the regionalization principle in Article 6 Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement is still conflicted. This is because of several cases regarding the members misinterpretation of international guidelines in the regionalization principle, such as India – Agricultural Products and Russia – Pigs (EU). Recently, Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (Covid-19) has been considered to affect animal trade. Such conditions prompt the World Trade Organization (WTO)  to recommend the Members to take SPS Measures to protect their domestic market. However, the trade would be inhibited in case the country-wide ban approach is applied. Therefore, this paper discusses the possible SPS measures under the regionalization principle to promote the trade during the pandemic according to WTO decisions from previous cases in line with the VCLT of 1969. The research result shows that the Covid-19 is an obstacle to international trade and makes humans and animals vulnerable to this virus. Consequently, many animal trades have been banned to prevent its spread. To deal with this condition, Indonesia could apply the regionalization principle in Article 6 SPS Agreement. Moreover, the government should update the quarantine law by pointing out the regionalization principle, unlike the zone system rules only applied to animals susceptible to Food Mouth Disease

Keywords

Domestic Market; International Guidelines; Regionalization Principle.

Full Text:

PDF

References

WTO Documents:

Appelatte Body, W. (2015). India - Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products. Retrieved from WTO: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/430abr_e.pdf


Appellate Body, W. (2017). Russian Federation - Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork, and Other Pig Products From the European Union. Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news17_e/475abr_e.htm

GATT. (1988, 20 April). Negotiating Group on Agriculture: Drafting of an Appropriate Framework of Rules for Sanitary and Phytosanitary Regulations. Retrieved from WTO: https://docs.wto.org/gattdocs/q/UR/GNGNG05/W56.PDF


GATT. (1989, 02 October). Negotiating Group on Agriculture: Communication from the Cairns Group. Retrieved from WTO: https://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/92080074.pdf

GATT. (1990, 28 May). Negotiating Group on Agriculture: Working Group on SPS Regulations and Barriers: Note by the Nordic Countries. Retrieved from WTO: https://docs.wto.org/gattdocs/q/UR/GNGNG05/WGSPW21.PDF

Panel Report, W. (2014). India - Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products. Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/430r_e.pdf

Panel Report, W. (2016). Russian Federation - Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork, and Other Pig Products From the European Union. Retrieved from:https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/475r_e.pdf

WTO. (2020). Export Prohibitions and Restrictions. Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/covid19_e/export_prohibitions_report_e.pdf

WTO. (2020, 22 June). Press/858Press Release. Retrieved from World Trade Organization: www.wto.org

Books:

Autar Koul Krishen. (2018). Guide to WTO and GATT Economics, Law and Politics, Singapore: Springer.

Huala Adolf. (2006). Hukum Perdagangan Internasional. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Gunarto Suhardi. (2007). Beberapa Elemen Penting dalam Hukum Perdagangan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Universitas Atmajaya.


Marina Foltea. (2012). International Organizations in WTO Dispute Settlement: How Much Institutional Sensitivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Peter van den Bossche. (2006). Law and Policy WTO. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Roy Goode. (2015). Transnational Commercial Law Text, Cases and Materials Second Edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Rudiger Wolfrum, et al. (2007). WTO-Technical Barriers and SPS Measures. Leiden:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Simon Lester, et al. (2012). World Trade Law Text, Materials and Commentary Second Edition. Oxford and Portland: Hart Publishing.

Soerjono Soekanto & Sri Mamudji. (2009). Penelitian Hukum Normatif – Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. PT Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta.

Journals:

Alesandra Arcuri & Lukasz Gruszczynski. (2018). “Pigs, African Swine Fever and the Principle of Regionalisation: Comments on the Appellate Body Report in the Russia - Pigs Dispute," European Journal of Risk Regulation, 9(1).

A.G Miacra, (2017). “Regionalization Within the SPS Agreement: Recent Developments, International Economic Law Contemporary Issue", Singapore: Springer

Blanchard, E., & Wu, M. (2018). "Externalities and Agricultural Import Bans: Evaluating Regionalization Measures in Light of the Russia." EUI Working Papers RSCAS 2018/60

C. Bown., & J Hilman. (2017). “Bird Flu, the OIE, and National Regulations: The WTO’s India Agricultural Products Dispute.” World Trade Review, 15(2).

Cornelia Furculita. (2018). "Regionalization Within the SPS Agreement after Russia – Pigs (EU)." Legal Issues of Economic Integration, 45:1.

Kim Gaegoung & Kim Minjung. (2019). “Regulatory Development and Challenges for the Regionalization Provisions in the WTO SPS Agreement and Regional Trade Agreement.” Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy, 14(1).

Justin Schwegel. (2018). “Super Unleaded Malbec? A Case Study in Flawed International Standard Setting at the Codex Alimentarius”. Journal of FoodLaw & Policy, 14(2).

Kammal Saggi & Mark Wu. (2017). "Trade and Agricultural Disease: Import Restriction in the Wake of the India - Agricultural Products Dispute." World Trade Review, 16(2).

M. Khan, et al. (2020). “COVID-19: Zoonotic Aspects”. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, (36).


Nichollas Laneville. (2017). Regional Disputes: It is Not Just Ground Beef. Washington: Washington College of Law Journals & Law Review, 17(1).

Naoto Nelson Saika. (2017). "Seeds, Trade, Trust: Regionalization Commitments under the SPS Agreement." Journal of International Economic Law, 2(4).

Petros C. Mavroidis. 2008. “No Outsourcing of Law? WTO Law as Practiced by WTO Courts”. American Society of International Law, Volume 102, Issue 3.

World Wide Web:

Committee on SPS Measures. (2020). Notification of Emergency Measures. Geneva: World Trade Organization. Available online from: https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/SPS/NIDN132. pdf&Open=True

Committee on SPS Measures. (2020). Notification of Emergency Measures. Geneva: World Trade Organization. Available online from: https://docs.wto.org/ dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/SPS/NIDN133C1. pdf&Open=True

Committee on SPS Measures. (2020). Notification of Emergency Measures. Geneva:World Trade Organization. Available online from: https://docs.wto. org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/SPS/NIDN134.pdf&Open=True

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.