Nutrient status and soil fertility index as a basis for sustainable rice field management in Madiun Regency, Indonesia

Suntoro Suntoro, Ganjar Herdiansyah, Mujiyo Mujiyo

Abstract

Agricultural development, specifically for crops, contributes significantly to national development. However, problems with water and low soil fertility are obstacles to this development. This study evaluated the nutritional status and soil fertility index as the basis for determining the direction of rice field management in Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was conducted by surveying the soil characteristics followed by laboratory analysis. Soil samples were collected using stratified proportional sampling from 19 land units with 31 samples. The soil fertility index was determined using a principal component analysis test and calculated by dividing the weights by the minimum soil fertility index indicators. The study results show that the nutritional status of total N in the study area is low to high (0.13%–0.59%) and total P is very low to very high (12.18–73.66 ppm), whereas the status of exchangeable K is very low to very high (0.01–0.67 cmol.kg−1), Cation Exchange Capacity is low to high (12.8–36.0 cmol.kg−1), and organic carbon is low to very high (1.98%–6.54%). The soil fertility index ranges from medium to extremely high. The influential indicators are total P, total N, exchangeable K, and organic carbon. It is recommended that the rice field management system implement a “sustainable agricultural intensification” system that combines the two systems “intensification” and “sustainable agroecosystem.” This system still uses proportional inorganic and organic fertilizers (manure, compost, and agricultural waste).

Keywords

Land evaluation; Mapping; Organic Agricultural System; Rice field management; Soil Fertility Index

Full Text:

PDF

References

Bagherzadeh, A., Gholizadeh, A., & Keshavarzi, A. (2018). Assessment of soil fertility index for potato production using integrated Fuzzy and AHP approaches, Northeast of Iran. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 7(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.399775

BPS. (2020). Kabupaten Madiun Dalam Angka 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Madiun. https://madiunkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/05/20/98c253721755925dae7b7c94/kabupaten-madiun-dalam-angka-2020.html

BPS. (2023). Ringkasan Eksekutif Luas Panen dan Produksi Padi di Indonesia 2023 (Angka Sementara) Directorate of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops Statistics, BPS-Statistics Indonesia.

Buol, S. W., Southard, R. J., Graham, R. C., & McDaniel, P. A. (2011). Soil genesis and classification (6th, Ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960622

Chen, S., Lin, B., Li, Y., & Zhou, S. (2020). Spatial and temporal changes of soil properties and soil fertility evaluation in a large grain-production area of subtropical plain, China. Geoderma, 357, 113937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113937

Chen, Y.-D., Wang, H.-Y., Zhou, J.-M., Xing, L., Zhu, B.-S., Zhao, Y.-C., & Chen, X.-Q. (2013). Minimum Data Set for Assessing Soil Quality in Farmland of Northeast China. Pedosphere, 23(5), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(13)60050-8

Desavathu, R. N., Nadipena, A. R., & Peddada, J. R. (2018). Assessment of soil fertility status in Paderu Mandal, Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh through Geospatial techniques. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.01.006

Eviati, Sulaeman, Herawaty, L., Anggria, L., Usman, Tantika, H. E., . . . Wuningrum, P. (2023). Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk (I. A. Sipahutar, H. Wibowo, A. F. Siregar, L. R. Widowati, & T. Rostaman, Eds. 3rd ed.). Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanah dan Pupuk, Kementerian Pertanian RI. https://tanahpupuk.bsip.pertanian.go.id/berita/juknis-analisis-kimia-edisi-3-acuan-prosedur-analisis-tanah-tanaman-air-dan-pupuk

Herdiansyah, G., Arifin, M., & Suriadikusumah, A. (2022). The Pedogenesis of Inceptisols on Southeast Toposequence of Mount Manglayang in West Java, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 9(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.9.2.195-208

Hikmatullah, Suparto, Tafakresnanto, C., Sukarman, Suratman, & Nugroho, K. (2014). Petunjuk Teknis Pedoman Survei dan Pemetaan Tanah Tingkat Semi Detail Skala 1:50.000 (S. Ritung, D. Subardja, M. Anda, & E. Suryani, Eds. 1st ed.). Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. https://nasih.staff.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/PetunjukTeknis-Survei-dan-Pemetaan-Sumberdaya-Tanah-Tingkat-Semi-Detail-Skala-150.000.-2014.pdf

Janaiah, A. (2020). Growth Performance and Value Addition of Rice Industry in India: Potential Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(6), 2020. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.254

Khadka, D. (2016). Assessment of relationship between soil organic matter and macronutrients, Western Nepal. Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research, 3(1), 4-12. https://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2016-3-1-043-4-12.pdf

Kumar, R., Naik, B., Gurumurthy, K., Raghu, A., Dhanjaya, B., Sindhu, H., & Patil, A. (2019). Soil fertility status of available micronutrients and mapping in Beguru Microwatershed of Tarikere Taluk of Chikkmagaluru District, Karnataka, India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(4), 2598-2601. https://www.ijcmas.com/special/9/D.%20Ravi%20Kumar,%20et%20al.pdf

Ma, G., Cheng, S., He, W., Dong, Y., Qi, S., Tu, N., & Tao, W. (2023). Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Conditions in Rice Fields with Varying Soil Fertility. Land, 12(5), 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051026

Makarim, A. K., & Suhartatik, E. (2006). Budidaya padi dengan masukan in situ menuju perpadian masa depan. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 1(2006), 19-29. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/394922

Mariyono, J. (2018). Productivity growth of Indonesian rice production: sources and efforts to improve performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9), 1792-1815. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-10-2017-0265

Michael, P. S. (2020). Soil fertility status and sweet potato cultivation in composted mounds under humid lowland tropical climatic conditions. Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 17(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.43426

Molina, F. V. (2016). Soil colloids: properties and ion binding (Vol. 156). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15349

Muhammad, & Wasit, U. (2019). Kajian kesuburan tanah di Kabupaten Madiun Seminar Nasional Dalam Rangka Dies Natalis UNS Ke 43 Tahun 2019: Sumber Daya Pertanian Berkelanjutan dalam Mendukung Ketahanan dan Keamanan Pangan Indonesia pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 http://repo.unida.gontor.ac.id/1075/7/KAJIAN%20KESUBURAN%20TANAH%20DI%20KABUPATEN%20MADIUN.pdf

Mujiyo, Sunarminto, B. H., Hanudin, E., & Widada, J. (2015). Soil Fertility Status of Organic Paddy Experiment. Sains Tanah-Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 12(2), 61–66.

Mukashema, A. (2007). Mapping and Modelling Landscape-based Soil Fertility Change in Relation to Human Induction [Thesis, ITC University of Twenty, Enschede, The Netherlands]. https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers_2007/msc/nrm/mukashema.pdf

Nešić, L., Vasin, J., Belić, M., Ćirić, V., Gligorijević, J., Milunović, K., & Sekulić, P. (2015). The colloid fraction and cation-exchange capacity in the soils of Vojvodina, Serbia. Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo/Field and Vegetable Crops Research, 52(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov52-7720

Obalum, E. S., Nwite, C. J., Oppong, J., Igwe, A. C., & Wakatsuki, T. (2011). Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana. Soil and Water Research, 6(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.17221/17/2010-SWR

PPT. (1995). Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Kesuburan Tanah. Laporan Teknis No.14. Versi 1,0. 1. REP II Project. CSAR.

Pretty, J., & Bharucha, Z. P. (2014). Sustainable intensification in agricultural systems. Annals of Botany, 114(8), 1571-1596. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu205

Purwaningsih, Y. (2008). Ketahanan pangan: situasi, permasalahan, kebijakan, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 9(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v9i1.1028

Roy, R., Misra, R., Lesschen, J., & Smaling, E. (2003). Assessment of soil nutrient balance: Approaches and methodologies. . FAO Fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin, 14. https://www.fao.org/3/y5066e/y5066e.pdf

Santosa, M., & Suryanto, A. (2015). The growth and yield of paddy Ciherang planted in dry and wet season and fertillized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. 2015, 37(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v37i1.251

Siregar, P., Fauzi, & Supriadi. (2017). Pengaruh Pemberian Beberapa Sumber Bahan Organik dan Masa Inkubasi Terhadap. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 5(2), 256-264. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/joa/article/view/2541

Solly, E. F., Weber, V., Zimmermann, S., Walthert, L., Hagedorn, F., & Schmidt, M. W. I. (2020). A Critical Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Effective Cation Exchange Capacity and Soil Organic Carbon Content in Swiss Forest Soils [Original Research]. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00098

Stehouwer, R. (2004). Soil Chemistry And The Quality Of Humus. BioCycle, 45(4), 41. https://www.biocycle.net/soil-chemistry-and-the-quality-of-humus/#:~:text=Humus%2C%20like%20the%20clays%2C%20will,is%20often%20toxic%20to%20plants.

Suntoro. (2003). Peranan Bahan Organik Terhadap Kesuburan Tanah dan Upaya Pengelolaannya. https://suntoro.staff.uns.ac.id/files/2009/04/pengukuhan-prof-suntoro.pdf

Suntoro, Mujiyo, Hery, W., & Ganjar, H. (2020). Cultivation of Rice (Oryza sativa), Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Based on Land Suitability. Journal of Settlements & Spatial Planning, 11(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2020.1.02

Swain, N., Mishra, A., Saren, S., Dash, P. K., Digal, M., & Mishra, B. B. (2019). Soil Fertility Status of Some Villages in Khordha and Bhubaneswar Block of Khordha District under North Eastern Ghat Agro Climatic Zone of Odisha, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(1), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.801.043

Zhao, C., Chen, M., Li, X., Dai, Q., Xu, K., Guo, B., . . . Huo, Z. (2021). Effects of Soil Types and Irrigation Modes on Rice Root Morphophysiological Traits and Grain Quality. Agronomy, 11(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010120

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.73845

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.