Language Transcendence Analysis of Tok Pisin Translation in The Shark Caller Novel

Adellia Putri Zahra

Abstract

Tok Pisin is a Pidgin language that arose in Papua New Guinea and has become the most spoken language in the country. In order to translate Tok Pisin words incorporated in a novel, the translator must be aware of the Papua New Guinea culture and linguistic aspects presented in the novel. Thus, this research is intended to investigate the procedure of translating Tok Pisin words and phrases from the English novel The Shark Caller into the Indonesian adaptation Sang Pemanggil Hiu. This research employed a qualitative method with an explanatory case study employing Peter Newmark’s theory or translation procedure. The investigation revealed ninety-four data, which consisted of eighty-seven words and seven phrases. The researcher identified nine procedures applied by the translator: couplets, synonyms, literal translation, modulation, transference, transposition, paraphrase, cultural equivalence, and reduction. Among these, couplets were the most frequently applied, with 25 data points. Additionally, this research revealed that the Tok Pisin words adhere to English grammar. Thus, numerous double meanings result from the use of Tok Pisin words in English sentences; therefore, the translator frequently omits them in the target text. Consequently, the translator sacrificed certain Papua New Guineans in favor of a comprehensible translation.

Keywords

Literary Translation; Pidgin Language; Tok Pisin; Translation Procedure

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adamowicz-Pośpiech, A. (2012). pidgin english and sailors’ jargon in Polish translations of Joseph Conrad’s Typhoon. Yearbook of Conrad Studies (Poland), 7, 85–96.

Al-Yasin, N. (2022). Translation procedures of cultural-bound expressions in the Egyptian vernacular dubbed versions of three Disney animated movies. Open Cultural Studies, 6(1), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1515/culture-2022-0162

Anggraini, N. (2019). Kesantunan Berbahasa anak dalam perspektif pemrolehan bahasa dan peran serta pendidikan karakter. Sembadra Universitas Sriwijaya, 2(1).

Bablis, G. (2020). ‘Which Way?’ Big Man, Road Man, Chief: Bernard Narokobi’s Multifaceted Leadership Career. The Journal of Pacific History, 55(2), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2020.1760086

Baing, S., Deutrom, B., Jackson, R., & Volker, C. A. (2009). Papua New Guinean Tok Pisin English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Boer, J. M. (2020). Acquisition of Phonology in a Creole Tok Pisin-Speaking Population of Highlands Children, Papua New Guinea: A Preliminary Study. Curtin University.

Buansari, I., Supriatno, A., & Pangestu, M. (2020). Translation Procedure Used In Translating Banking Term in Legal Documents of BCA. Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 12(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.31294/w.v12i2.8427

Bullock, J. (2022). Translation of Conversational Implicature in the Tok Pisin Gospel of Matthew. Neke. The New Zealand Journal of Translation Studies, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26686/neke.v5i1.7528

Efendi, A. (2017). Language Contact: The Emergence of Pidgins and Creole Englishes. Issues in Applied Lingusitics and Language Teaching, 1(1).

Engelberg, S., & Möhrs, C. (2016). Lexicography of Language Contact: An Internet Dictionary of Words of German origin in Tok Pisin. Proceedings of the XVII EURALEX International Congress: Lexicography and Linguistic Diversity.

Farkhan, M. (2014). Penyimpangan Sintaksis dalam Penerjemahan Indonesia-Inggris: Studi Kasus di Prodi Sastra Inggris Uin Jakarta. Buletin Al-Turas, 20(2), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v20i2.3765

Handman, C. (2013). Text Messaging in Tok Pisin: Etymologies and Orthographies in Cosmopolitan Papua New Guinea. Culture, Theory and Critique, 54(3), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2013.818288

Handman, C. (2020). Pidgin and Pidginization. In J. Stanlaw (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology (1st ed., pp. 1–9). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786093.iela0314

Haque, Md. Z. (2012). Translating Literary Prose: Problems and Solutions. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(6), p97. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v2n6p97

Hirano, K. (2001). Lexical Items of Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 7(2).

Kardiansyah, M. Y., & Salam, A. (2020). The Translator’s Strategy as a Cultural Mediator in Translating Indonesian Novel into English: A Case Study On “Jatisaba.” Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020). 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020), Bandung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.065

Kosecki, K. (2007). Some remarks on the duality of the concept of time in the lexicon of Tok Pisin. Beyond Philology, 19(3), 9–34. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.26881/bp.2022.3.01

Kosecki, K. (2020). On Patterns of Conceptual Construal in Tok Pisin. Springer, 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42734-4_3

Krisnawati, N. L. P. (2017). The Procedure Applied in Translating Jargon in English Parliamentary Debating into Indonesian. Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture, 3(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.24843/LJLC.2017.v03.i01.p07

Kurosawa, T. (2009). The Use of Current English Loanwords in The Tok Pisin Newspaper Wantok. 35.

Laycock, D. (1985). Phonology: Substratum elements in Tok Pisin phonology [PDF]. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 295-307 pages. https://doi.org/10.15144/PL-C70.295

Lestari, N. P. D., Winaya, I. M., & Sosiowati, I. Gst. A. G. (2020). Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names from English into Indonesian. Humanis, 24(4), 386. https://doi.org/10.24843/JH.2020.v24.i04.p06

Levy, C. (2005). Language Research in Papua New Guinea: A Case Study of Awar. 2.

Levy, C. (2022). The Place of a Lingua Franca in Development Practice: The Case of Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea. In D. Hill & F. K. Ameka (Eds.), Languages, Linguistics and Development Practices (pp. 221–243). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93522-1_9

Machali, R. (2009a). Pedoman bagi Penerjemah. Kaifa.

Machali, R. (2009b). Preface. In Pedoman bagi Penerjemah. Penerbit Kaifa.

Mbotake, S. G. (2017). The Effect of Translation on The Humour Response in Satirical Pidgin News in Cameroon. 4.

Mühlhäusler, P. (1975). Reduplication and Repetition in New Guinea Pidgin. In M. Kenneth A. (Ed.), Tok Pisin I Go We? (pp. 198–214). Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.

Mühlhäusler, P. (1984). Internal development of Tok Pisin [PDF]. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 75–166. https://doi.org/10.15144/PL-C70.75

Mühlhäusler, P. (1985a). Syntax of Tok Pisin [PDF]. https://doi.org/10.15144/PL-C70.341

Mühlhäusler, P. (1985b). The Scientififc Study of Tok Pisin: Language Planning and The Tok Pisin Lexicon. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 595–664. https://doi.org/10.2307/415015

Mühlhäusler, P., Dutton, T. E., & Romaine, S. (Eds.). (2003). Tok Pisin texts: From the beginning to the present. Benjamins.

Munday, J. (2016). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications (Fourth edition). Routledge.

Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall International.

Romaine, S. (1989). English and Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin English) in Papua New Guinea. World Englishes, 8(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00431.x

Romaine, S. (1997). Pidgin English Advertising. In N. Coupland & A. Jaworski (Eds.), Sociolinguistics (pp. 353–360). Macmillan Education UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25582-5_28

Sayogie, F. (2003). Prosedur Penerjemahan dari Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. AL-Turas, 9(2).

Sayogie, F. (2014). Teori dan Praktik Penerjemahan. Transpustaka.

Sayogie, F., & Supardi, Moh. (2021). Equivalence Levels of Literary Corpus Translation Using a Freeware Analysis Toolkit. Buletin Al-Turas, 27(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v27i1.16916

Smith, G. P. (2008). Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea: Phonology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110208412.1.188

Supardi, M. (2008). Cultural Translation.

Supardi, M. (2017). Dinamika Penerjemahan Sastra: South of The Slot. Buletin Al-Turas, 23(2), 381–405. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v23i2.5415

Supardi, M., & Putri, D. A. (2018). Audio-Visual Translation: Subtitling and Dubbing Technique—Movie Soundtrack in Frozen: Let it Go. AL-Turas, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v24i2.8621

Suriadi, M. A. (2018). Translation Strategies to Deal With Indonesia Censorship Regulation on Movie. Buletin Al-Turas, 24(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v24i1.7132

Suriadi, M. A. (2020). Strategies of Cultural Gap Translation in World Herritage – Sites and Living Culture of Indonesia. Buletin Al-Turas, 21(1), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v21i1.3828

Suriadi, M. A., & Insani, N. N. (2019). Translation Strategies of Proper Names. Insaniyat Journal of Islam and Humanities, 3(2). https:// 10.15048/insaniyat.v3i2.8668

Syafutri, H. D., & Arnisyah, S. (2023). Analisis Gaya Bahasa Perbandingan dalam Novel The Shark Caller Karya Zillah Bethell: Analysis of Comparative Language Style in The Shark Caller Novel by Zillah Bethell. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 18(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.33084/pedagogik.v18i1.4888

Tung, C. (2014). Grammaticalization in Tok Pisin. Lingua Frankly, 2. https://doi.org/10.6017/lf.v2i1.5419

Verhaar, J. W. M. (1995). Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: An experiment in corpus linguistics. University of Hawaii Press.

W, O. V. V., & Asmarani, R. (2016). The Translation Procedures of Cultural Expressions Applied in “A Game of Thrones.” LITE: Journal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 12(2).

Wlodarczyk, M. (2007). “More strenger and mightier”: Some remarks on double comparison in Middle English. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 43, 195–217.

Woolford, E. B. (1979). Aspects of Tok Pisin grammar. Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.

Wurm, S. A. (1985). Writing systems and the orthography of Tok Pisin [PDF]. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 167-176 pages. https://doi.org/10.15144/PL-C70.167

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.