Evaluating the Physiological Responses of Garut Sheep toward Sun Exposure and Physical Activity in Tropical Climate

Asri Wulansari; Aditia Pratama; Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj

doi:10.20961/lar.v24i1.96071

Evaluating the Physiological Responses of Garut Sheep toward Sun Exposure and Physical Activity in Tropical Climate

Asri Wulansari, Aditia Pratama, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates how Garut sheep respond to sun exposure and physical activity, examining their combined impact on physiological parameters.

Methods: Twenty Garut sheep underwent four treatments over five days: Control (P0), Sunlight Exposure (P1), Physical Activity (P2), and Combined Sunlight and Physical Activity (P3). Physiological parameters were measured post-treatment and after a 15-minute resting period in both morning and afternoon sessions.

Results: Significant differences were found in heart rate (P < 0.001), respiratory rate (P < 0.001), and rectal temperature (P < 0.001) across treatments, indicating heightened physiological stress under intensified conditions. Measuring time significantly affected rectal temperature (P < 0.001), while both measuring time and resting time influenced respiration rate (P < 0.001). Interactions between treatment, measuring time, and resting time highlight the complexity of Garut sheep responses to combined stressors, particularly in sheep with physical activity showing heightened physical condition.

Conclusions: These findings stress the importance of considering environmental and physical stressors in Garut sheep management for optimal welfare and performance. Future research should explore long-term effects and interventions to mitigate stress impacts on Garut sheep well-being.

Keywords

Garut sheep; physiological responses; sun exposure; physical activity

Full Text:

PDF

References

Heriyadi, D. (2005). Identifikasi Sifat-sifat Kualitatif Domba Garut Jantan Tipe Tangkas (Qualitative Traits Identification of Bantam Type Garut Ram). Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran, 5(2). 2. Dwyer, C., & Bornett, H. (2004). Chronic stress in sheep: Assessment tools and their use in different management conditions. Animal Welfare, 13(3), 293–304. Cambridge Core. Doi: 10.1017/S0962728600028402 3. Sejian, V., Bhatta, R., Gaughan, J. B., Dunshea, F. R., & Lacetera, N. (2018). Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress. Animal, 12(s2), s431–s444. Cambridge Core. Doi: 10.1017/S1751731118001945 4. Alamer, M. (2011). The role of prolactin in thermoregulation and water balance during heat stress in domestic ruminants. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(12), 1153-1169. Doi: 10.3923/ajava.2011.1153.1169 5. Silanikove, N. (2000). Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livestock Production Science, 67(1), 1–18. Doi: 10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00162-7 6. Smith, B. S. W., Wright, H., Aitchison, G. U., & Spence, J. A. (1985). Effects in sheep of high dietary levels of vitamin D3 as measured by circulating concentrations of some vitamin D metabolites and skeletal examination. Research in Veterinary Science, 38(3), 317–321. Doi: 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)31802-2 7. Sevi, A., Annicchiarico, G., Albenzio, M., Taibi, L., Muscio, A., & Dell’Aquila, S. (2001). Effects of Solar Radiation and Feeding Time on Behavior, Immune Response and Production of Lactating Ewes Under High Ambient Temperature. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(3), 629–640. Doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74518-3 8. Marai, I. F. M., El-Darawany, A. A., Fadiel, A., & Abdel-Hafez, M. A. M. (2007). Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep—A review. Small Ruminant Research, 71(1), 1–12. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.003 9. Caroprese, M., Ciliberti, M. G., Annicchiarico, G., Albenzio, M., Muscio, A., & Sevi, A. (2014). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and immune regulation in heat-stressed sheep after supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(7), 4247–4258. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7696 10. Tüfekci, H., & Sejian, V. (2023). Stress Factors and Their Effects on Productivity in Sheep. Animals, 13(17). Doi: 10.3390/ani13172769 11. Hidiroglou, M., & Karpinski, K. (1989). Providing Vitamin D to Confined Sheep by Oral Supplementation vs Ultraviolet Irradiation. Journal of Animal Science, 67(3), 794–802. Doi: 10.2527/jas1989.673794x 12. Piccione, G., Giannetto, C., Marafioti, S., Casella, S., Assenza, A., & Fazio, F. (2011). Effect of different farming management on daily total locomotor activity in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 6(4), 243–247. Doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2011.02.005 13. Rahardja, D. P., Toleng, A. L., & Lestari, V. S. (2011). Thermoregulation and water balance in fat-tailed sheep and Kacang goat under sunlight exposure and water restriction in a hot and dry area. Animal, 5(10), 1587-1593. 14. Elaref, M. Y., Solouma, G. M., & Abdel-Latef, D. A. (2022). Physiological and behavioral responses of Sohagi ewe lambs exposed to direct sunlight under subtropical climatic conditions. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(2), 213-219. Doi: 10.2527/jas1989.673794x 15. De, K., Sharma, S., Kumawat, P. K., Kumar, D., Mohapatra, A., & Sahoo, A. (2020). Tree shade improves the comfort of sheep during extreme summer. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 40, 103–107. Doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.10.003 16. Abdelatif, A. M., Elsayed, S. A., & Hassan, Y. M. (2017). Effect of state of hydration on body weight, blood hematology and biochemistry of indigenous sheep. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 27(4), 1309-1315. 17. Alhidary, I. A., Shini, S., Al Jassim, R. A. M., & Gaughan, J. B. (2012). Physiological responses of Australian Merino wethers exposed to high heat load. Journal of Animal Science, 90(1), 212-220. Doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3972 18. Gaughan, J. B., Sejian, V., Mader, T. L., & Dunshea, F. R. (2019). Adaptation strategies: Ruminants. Animal Frontiers, 9(1), 47-53. Doi: 10.1093/af/vfy029 19. Darcan, N., Cedden, F., & Cankaya, S. (2018). Physiological responses of goats in different environmental temperatures and transport stress. Animal Production Science, 58(12), 2336-2342. Doi: 10.1071/AN16741 20. Jones, E. J., Rohleder, N., & Schreier, H. M. (2020). Neuroendocrine coordination and youth behavior problems: a review of studies assessing sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activity using salivary alpha amylase and salivary cortisol. Hormones and behavior, 122, 104750. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.003 21. Bulitta, F., Bosona, T., & Gebresenbet, G. (2011). Modelling the Dynamic Response of Cattle Heart Rate During Loading for Transport. Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2(3), 66–73. 22. Joy, A., Dunshea, F. R., Leury, B. J., Clarke, I. J., DiGiacomo, K., & Chauhan, S. S. (2020). Resilience of Small Ruminants to Climate Change and Increased Environmental Temperature: A Review. Animals, 10(5). Doi: 10.3390/ani10050867 23. Sevi, A., & Caroprese, M. (2012). Impact of heat stress on milk production, immunity and udder health in sheep: A critical review. Small Ruminant Research, 107(1), 1–7. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.012 24. Nejad, J. G. & K. I. Sung. 2017. Behavioral and physiological changes during heat stress in Corriedale ewes exposed to water deprivation. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 59:13. Doi: 10.1186/s40781-017-0140-x 25. Bernabucci, U., Lacetera, N., Baumgard, L. H., Rhoads, R. P., Ronchi, B., & Nardone, A. (2010). Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal, 4(7), 1167-1183. Doi: 10.1017/S175173111000090X 26. Patel, M. D., Patel, J. H., Rajput, M. B., & Bariya, A. R. (2016). Adaptive physiological and biochemical responses of dairy animals to heat stress: a review. International Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 5(1), 107-116. 27. Sejian V., S. Indu, & S. M. K. Naqvi. 2013. Impact of short-term exposure to different environmental temperature on the blood biochemical and endocrine responses of Malpura ewes under semi-arid tropical environment. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 83:1155-1160. 28. Arfuso, F., Acri, G., Piccione, G., Sansotta, C., Fazio, F., Giudice, E., & Giannetto, C. (2022). Eye surface infrared thermography usefulness as a noninvasive method of measuring stress response in sheep during shearing: Correlations with serum cortisol and rectal temperature values. Physiology & Behavior, 250, 113781. 29. de Andrade Pantoja, M. H., Esteves, S. N., Jacinto, M. A. C., Pezzopane, J. R. M., de Paz, C. C. P., da Silva, J. A. R., ... & Garcia, A. R. (2017). Thermoregulation of male sheep of indigenous or exotic breeds in a tropical environment. Journal of Thermal Biology, 69, 302-310.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/lar.v24i1.96071