Exploring Factors Influencing Habits of Mind: A Narrative Literature Review

Ella Izzatin Nada, Sajidan Sajidan, Sri Retno Dwi Ariani

Abstract

Habits of Mind (HoM) are a set of intellectual dispositions that play a crucial role in fostering critical, creative, and reflective thinking, as well as sound decision-making in both educational contexts and everyday life. In the face of the demands of the 21st century, developing HoM has become increasingly relevant for addressing complex problems that require Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), cognitive flexibility, and self-regulation. This study aims to explore the key factors that influence the development of HoM through a narrative literature review. Relevant scholarly works were critically examined to identify and categorize the factors shaping HoM. The review highlights five major factors: (1) cognitive factors related to HOTS and metacognition, (2) affective factors such as motivation, attitudes, and emotional dispositions, (3) social-environmental factors including support from family, peers, and academic communities, (4) pedagogical factors involving teaching strategies, approaches, and instructional design, and (5) contextual and cultural factors that reflect values, norms, and educational practices. The findings emphasize that HoM emerge through the multidimensional interaction of individual, social, pedagogical, and cultural aspects. This article concludes by recommending an integrated educational approach to nurture HoM in learners more effectively.

Keywords

educational factors; habits of mind; higher order thinking skills

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/ictte.2025.114725

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