Growth and Flavonoids Content of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) with Compost Tea of Oyster Mushroom Waste

Khoerunnisa Khoerunnisa, Regata Ringga Hanessa Putry, Salma Aulia Salsabila, Mochammad Rezky Darmawan, Yasinta Nahdatulia, Iman Budisantoso

Abstract

The flavonoid compounds in black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) are very important for health, they serve, for instance, as antioxidants and anticancer. Giving compost tea of oyster mushroom waste (COMW) can increase plant growth and flavonoid content to black rice. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of COMW to increase the growth and flavonoid content of black rice. This experiment using completely randomized design with single factor of five COMW concentrations, four replicates respectively. The COMW was given at five different concentrations (0, 25, 35, 45 and 55%) from 25 to 45 days after planting. Parameters observed including plant height, fresh and dry weight of plants, fresh and dry weight of roots, fresh weight of grain, fresh and dry weight of total and flavonoid content. The results showed that COMW significantly increased black rice growth, the best growth was obtained by the concentration of 45% and the highest flavonoid content is by 35% concentration. No significant effect on crown height and canopy dry weight. There were significant effects on root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, grain fresh weight, total fresh weight, root dry weight, dry weight grain, total dry weight and increased levels of flavonoids in black rice. From the research, it can be concluded that COMW increased both growth and flavonoids content of black rice.

Keywords

antioxidant activity; compost tea; flavonoids; pigmented rice; secondary metabolit

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abidin, Z. (2016). Mekanisme pemberian ekstrak etanol beras hitam (Oryza sativa L. Indica) terhadap aktivitas protein kinase B (PKB) dan kadar Ca 15-3 serum pada tikus putih model kanker payudara penelitian eksperimental laboratoris [Master's thesis]. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga. Retrieved from http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/49780

Afriani, N., Idiawati, N., & Alimuddin, A. H. (2016). Skrining fitokimia dan uji toksisitas ekstrak akar mentawa (Artocarpus anisophyllus) terhadap larva Artemia salina. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, 5(1), 58–64. Retrieved from https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jkkmipa/article/view/13390/12054

Afrillah, M., Sitepu, F. E., & Hanum, C. (2015). Respons pertumbuhan vegetatif tiga varietas kelapa sawit di pre nursery pada beberapa media tanam limbah. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara, 3(4), 1289–1295. Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/105873/respons-pertumbuhan-vegetatif-tiga-varietas-kelapa-sawit-di-pre-nursery-pada-beb

Agustiansyah, Ilyas, S., Sudarsono, & Machmud, M. (2014). Karakterisasi rizobakteri yang berpotensi dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tropika, 13(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11342-51

Ahmad, A. R., Juwita, Ratulangi, S. A. D., & Malik, A. (2015). Penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total ekstrak metanol buah dan daun patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.SM). Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i1.3481

Arifin, B., & Ibrahim, S. (2018). Struktur, bioaktivitas dan antioksidan flavonoid. Jurnal Zarah, 6(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v6i1.313

Arsana, I. G. K. D., Yahya, S., Lontoh, A. P., & Pane, H. (2003). Hubungan antara penggenangan dini dan potensi redoks, produksi etilen dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi (Oryza sativa) sistem tabela. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 31(2), 37–41. Retrieved from https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagronomi/article/view/1463

Asifah, R., Izzati, M., & Prihastanti, E. (2019). Kombinasi Azolla pinnata R. Br. dan abu sekam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L. var Inpari 33) di lahan salin. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 4(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.4.1.2019.73-81

Banu, A., & Tefa, A. (2018). Pengaruh penggunaan kombinasi kompos teh dan arang kusambi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bayam hijau (Amaranthus sp.). Savana Cendana, 3(2), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v3i02.158

Bellapama, I. A., Hendarto, K., & Widyastuti, R. A. D. (2015). Pengaruh pemupukan organik limbah baglog jamur dan pemupukan takaran npk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 3(3), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v3i3.1956

Desti, Y., Siahaan, P., & Nio, S. A. (2019). Jumlah akar adventif pada padi lokal Sulawesi Utara yang mengalami genangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 19(2), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.19.2.2019.23893

Ekawati, R. (2018). Pertumbuhan, produksi umbi dan kandungan flavonoid bawang dayak dengan pemberian pupuk daun. Agrosintesa Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33603/.v1i1.1359

Farid, F. (2011). Pengaruh konsentrasi dan frekuensi pemberian bap (Benzyl Amino Purine) terhadap Pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) [Undergraduate thesis]. Surakarta: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret. Retrieved from https://eprints.uns.ac.id/6001/1/179961011201104271.pdf

Febriyono, R., Susilo, Y. E., & Suprapto, A. (2017). Peningkatan hasil tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans, L.) melalui perlakuan jarak tanam dan jumlah tanaman per lubang. Vigor: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 2(1), 22–27. Retrieved from https://jurnal.untidar.ac.id/index.php/vigor/article/view/323

Gardner, F. B., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (1991). Fisiologi tanaman budidaya (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=9576274615194422859&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5

Gebrewold, A. Z. (2018). Review on integrated nutrient management of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Cogent Food and Agriculture, 4(1), 1543536. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1543536

Hasbiah, A. W., Yustiani, Y. M., & Desiriani, N. S. (2018). Pengomposan limbah baglog jamur tiram secara anaerobik dengan variasi aktivator, kotoran kambing dan urea di Desa Cisarua, Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Proceeding of Community Development, 1(2017), 205–215. Retrieved from http://proceedings.kresnanusantara.com/index.php/comdev/article/view/27

Hunaepi, Dharawibawa, I. D., Asy’ari, M., Samsuri, T., & Mirawati, B. (2018). Pengolahan limbah baglog jamur tiram menjadi pupuk organik komersil. Jurnal SOLMA, 7(2), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.29405/solma.v7i2.1392

Indrianto, A., Astina, & Rahmidiyani. (2021). Pengaruh konsentrasi compost tea terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau. Jurnal Sains Mahasiswa Pertanian, 10(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jspp/article/view/43726/pdf

Istiqomah, & Kusumawati, D. E. (2018). Pemanfaatan Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens dalam pengendalian hayati Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu bakteri pada tomat. Jurnal Agro, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15575/2305

Kantikowati, E., Haris, R., & Anwar, S. (2018). Aplikasi agen hayati (Paenibacillus polymixa) terhadap penekanan penyakit hawar daun bekteri serta hasil dan pertumbuhan padi hitam (Oryza sativa) var. lokal. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 6(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v6i2.97

Maintang, Ilyas, A., Tando, E., & Yahumri. (2010). Kajian keragaan varietas unggul baru (VUB) padi di Kecamatan Bantimurung Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Retrieved from https://adoc.pub/kajian-keragaan-varietas-unggul-baru-vub-padi-di-kecamatan-b.html

Mariana, L., Andayani, Y., & Gunawan, R. (2013). Analisis senyawa flavonoid hasil fraksinasi ekstrak diklorometana daun keluwih. Chemistry Progress, 6(2), 50–55. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/chemprog/article/view/3494

Mudmainah, S., Cahyani, D. A., & Purwanto. (2019). Kompos cair sebagai alternatif pupuk yang ramah lingkungan dalam produksi padi. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi, 21(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v21i1.27972

Munir, J., Kurniawan, B., & Zahanis, Z. (2018). Pengaruh pupuk organik cair unitas super asal Chromolaena odorata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Agroteknologi, 8(2), 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v8i2.3476

Munthe, J., Masrul, E., & Sabrina, T. (2014). Pengaruh waktu pemberian dan komposisi compost tea tandan kosong kelapa sawit diperkaya azotobacter terhadap produksi sawi. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2(2), 758–769. Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/98733/pengaruh-waktu-pemberian-dan-komposisi-compost-tea-tandan-kosong-kelapa-sawit-di

Pamuji, A., Pratomo, B., & Manurung, S. (2018). Pengaruh kompos limbah baglog jamur tiram dan urin sapi yang difermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di pre nursery. Agroprimatech, 1(2), 44–56. Retrieved from http://jurnal.unprimdn.ac.id/index.php/Agroprimatech/article/view/763

Purnomo, M. G., Muharam, & Agustini, R. Y. (2021). Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica Oleracea L.) akibat pemberian kompos limbah jamur tiram dan pupuk NPK. Ziraa'ah Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 46(2), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v46i2.4481

Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J. K., Hue, N. V., & Paull, R. E. (2012). Biochemical properties of compost tea associated with compost quality and effects on pak choi growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.019

Pratiwi, A. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer to the flavonoid content of red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus L.). Pharmaciana, 7(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i1.4213

Prihatiningsih, N., Djatmiko, H. A., & Lestari, P. (2017). Aktivitas siderofor Bacillus subtilis sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan dan pengendali patogen tanaman terung. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika, 17(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217170-178

Putri, F. M., Suedy, S. W. A., & Darmanti, S. (2017). Pengaruh pupuk nanosilika terhadap jumlah stomata, kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan padi hitam (Oryza sativa L. cv. japonica). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 2(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.2.1.2017.72-79

Rachman, N. R., Manan, A., & Sakhidin. (2020). Uji kemempanan isolat Trichoderma sp. terhadap nematoda puru akar tomat. Agro Wiralodra, 3(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v3i2.49

Rahmah, N. L., Setyaningtyas, N. A., & Hidayat, N. (2016). Karakteristik kompos berbahan dasar limbah baglog jamur tiram (kajian konsentrasi EM4 dan kotoran kambing). Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 4(1), 1–9. Retrieved from https://industria.ub.ac.id/index.php/industri/article/view/180

Rahmah, N., Wahdianto, R., & Hidayat, N. (2015). Pemanfaatan limbah baglog jamur tiram dan kotoran kambing sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk kompos berdasarkan kajian konsentrasi EM4 dan jumlah pembalikan. Prosiding Seminar Agroindustri dan Lokakarya Nasional FKPT-PI, 156–164. Retrieved from http://tip.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Prosiding-Full.pdf

Rejeki, S., Hastuti, S., & Sukmajati, F. (2020). Uji nilai SPF ekstrak etanol beras hitam (Oryza sativa L. indica) secara in vitro dengan metode spektrofotometri. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=KnIv7J4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=KnIv7J4AAAAJ:4TOpqqG69KYC

Shaaban, M., Peng, Q., Hu, R., Wu, Y., Lin, S., & Zhao, J. (2015). Dolomite application to acidic soils: a promising option for mitigating N2O emissions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(24), 19961–19970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5238-4

Simbolon, B. H., & Tyasmoro, S. Y. (2020). Manfaat kompos limbah kulit kopi dan sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan pembibitan tanaman kopi (Coffea canephora P.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 8(4), 370–378. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/view/1395

Sitompul, S. M., & Guritno, B. (1995). Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=8192137574706130258&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5

Sivasakthi, S., Usharani, G., & Saranraj, P. (2014). Biocontrol potentiality of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) - Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(16), 1265–1277. Retrieved from https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-abstract/0C9E6A243974

Sobari, E., Hadi, M. A., & Fathurohman, F. (2018). Respon pemberian kompos limbah baglog jamur dan pupuk kandang domba terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, 9, 1–9. Retrieved from https://jurnal.polban.ac.id/proceeding/article/view/1066

Soesanto, L., Mugiastuti, E., & Rahayuniati, R. F. (2010). Kajian mekanisme antagonis Pseudomonas fluorescens p60 pada tanaman tomat in vivo. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tropika, 10(2), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.210108-115

Solikhatin, U., Purnomo, Hariri, A. M., & Fitriana, Y. (2021). Pengaruh aplikasi compost tea yang mengandung B.bassiana terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda, pertumbuhan, dan produksi tanaman padi. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v9i2.5020

Suryawaty, & Wijaya, R. (2012). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap kombinasi biodegradable super absorbent polymer dengan pupuk majemuk NPK di tanah miskin hara. AGRIUM: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 17(3), 155–162. Retrieved from http://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/agrium/article/view/314/272

Sugeng, H. R. (2008). Bercocok tanam padi. Semarang: Aneka Ilmu. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?cluster=10942958848369697349&hl=id&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5

Taufika, R., Aziz, S. A., & Melati, M. (2016). Produksi flavonoid daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) pada dosis pupuk organik dan interval panen yang berbeda. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, 27(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v27n1.2016.27-35

Warman, B., Sobrizal, Suliansyah, I., Swasti, E., & Syarif, A. (2016). Perbaikan genetik kultivar padi beras hitam lokal Sumatera Barat melalui mutasi induksi. Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi, 11(2), 125–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2015.11.2.2791

Yuniarti, A., Solihin, E., & Putri, A. T. A. (2020). Aplikasi pupuk organik dan N, P, K terhadap pH tanah, P-tersedia, serapan P, dan hasil padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) pada inceptisol. Kultivasi, 19(1), 1040–1046. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v19i1.24563

Zaeroni, R., & Rustariyuni, S. D. (2016). pengaruh Produksi beras, konsumsi beras dan cadangan devisa terhadap impor beras di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 5(9), 993–1010. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/23376

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v37i2.55164

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share