The Psychological State of Farmers in the Agricultural Cultivation of Food Crops during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Java, Indonesia

Rafika Nur Kusumawati, Kharisma Kusuma Wardani, Suntoro Suntoro

Abstract

This research aims to discover the psychological state of farmers in the agricultural cultivation of food crops during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a descriptive explorative study which explores the farmers’ opinions regarding their agricultural activities during the COVID-19 pandemic which reached its peak between March and June 2020. During this period, a Large Scale Social Distancing (LSSD) system was enforced in some areas. The data collection was conducted in June 2020 before the implementation of the new normal, involving 634 respondents which spread across 40 districts throughout Java. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic period, almost all farmers continued to carry out their agricultural activities. Some farmers had implemented the health protocols. According to most farmers’ opinions, doing the agricultural activities made them healthier. With regard to COVID-19, most farmers behave normally, while the rest feel worried. Agricultural extension activities are constrained and hampered by the implementation of physical and social distancing, especially large-scale social restrictions. Seeing the psychological condition of the farmers, where most are continuing to cultivate food crops and only slightly worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, gave hope for the sustainability of agricultural production in the new normal period.

Keywords

agricultural cultivation; COVID-19 pandemic; food crops; psychology of farmers

Full Text:

PDF

References

Acharibasam, J. W., & Anuga, S. W. (2018). Psychological distance of climate change and mental health risks assessment of smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana: Is habituation a threat to climate change? Climate Risk Management, 21, 16–25. Crossref

Akter, M., Fan, L., Rahman, M. M., Geissen, V., & Ritsema, C. J. (2018). Vegetable farmers’ behaviour and knowledge related to pesticide use and related health problems: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Cleaner Production, 200, 122–133. Crossref

Al-Rabiaah, A., Temsah, M. H., Al-Eyadhy, A. A., Hasan, G. M., Al-Zamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., Alsohime, F., Jamal, A., Alhaboob, A., Al-Saadi, B., & Somily, A. M. (2020). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(5), 687–691. Crossref

Annisa, D. F., & Ifdil. (2016). Konsep kecemasan (anxiety) pada lanjut usia (lansia). Konselor, 5(2), 93–99. Crossref

Barcaccia, G., D’Agostino, V., Zotti, A., & Cozzi, B. (2020). Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the Italian agri-food sector: An analysis of the quarter of pandemic lockdown and clues for a socio-economic and territorial restart. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14). Crossref

Bennett, K. (2016). An exploratory study of the effects of stress and fatigue on Irish farm safety (issue March). Dublin Business School. Retrieved from Link

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Coping with Stress. Retrieved from Link

Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Leeka, J. (1989). Diurnal variation in the positive affects. Motivation and Emotion, 13(3), 205–234. Crossref

Cohen, S., & Pressman, S. D. (2006). Positive affect and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(3), 122–125. Crossref

Djalante, R., Lassa, J., Setiamarga, D., Sudjatma, A., Indrawan, M., Haryanto, B., Mahfud, C., Sinapoy, M. S., Djalante, S., Rafliana, I., Gunawan, L. A., Surtiari, G. A. K., & Warsilah, H. (2020). Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100091. Crossref

Effendi, D. I., Lukman, D., Eryanti, D., & Muslimah, S. R. (2020). Advokasi psikologis bagi masyarakat terpapar pandemi covid-19 berbasis religious e-counseling. Retrieved from Link

El Sheikh, T. M., El-Hammady, H. Y., Omar, A. S., & Gebril, K. L. (2017). A descriptive study of the characteristics and systems of geese production in Sohag Governorate. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 37(3), 951–968. Crossref

Haqi, M. H., Has, E. M. M., & Bahiyah, K. (2019). Gambaran status mental (stres, kecemasan, dan depresi) pada korban pasca gempa berdasarkan periode perkembangan (remaja, dewasa, dan lansia) di Desa Pendua Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Psychiatry Nursing Journal (Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa), 1(1), 29–35. Crossref

Harlianty, R. A., Widyastuti, T., Mukhlis, H., & Susanti, S. (2019). Study on awareness of covid-19 , anxiety and compliance on social distancing in indonesia during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [Preprints]. Pp. 1–16. Crossref

Hossain, S. T. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector: Food security policies of Asian productivity organization members. Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka, 15(2), 116–132. Crossref

Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2015). The health belief model as an explanatory framework in communication research: Exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Communication, 30(6), 566–576. Crossref

Kahambing, J. G. S., & Edilo, S. R. (2020). Stigma, exclusion, and mental health during COVID19: 2 cases from the Philippines. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102292. Crossref

Lemke, M. K., Apostolopoulos, Y., & Sönmez, S. (2020). Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety. Journal of Transport and Health, 18. Crossref

Lindfors, P., & Lundberg, U. (2002). Is low cortisol release an indicator of positive health? Stress and Health, 18(4), 153–160. Crossref

Lumban Gaol, N. T. (2016). Teori stres: stimulus, respons, dan transaksional. Buletin Psikologi, 24(1), 1–11. Crossref

Lutfey, K., & Wishner, W. (1999). Beyond "compliance" is "adherence". Improving the prospect of diabetes care” Diabetes Care, 22(4), 635–639. Crossref

Mahmud, R., & Uyun, Z. (2016). Studi deskriptif mengenai pola stres pada mahasiswa praktikum. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(2), 52–61. Crossref

Mutiarachmah, D., & Maryatmi, A. S. (2019). Hubungan antara regulasi diri dan psychological well-being dengan kecemasan dalam menghadapi dunia kerja pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir jurusan Kesejahteraan Sosial UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(3), 163–177. Retrieved from Link

Nandini, D. A. (2016). Kontribusi optimisme terhadap kebahagiaan pada karyawan. Jurnal Psikologi, 9(2), 187–196. Retrieved from Link

Nugraheny, D. E. (2020). Trend covid-19 di desa lebih baik dari kota, Mengapa?. Retrieved from Link

Pragholapati, A. (2020). New normal “Indonesia” after covid-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv, 2019, 1–6. Crossref

Pressman, S. D., & Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 925–971. Crossref

Sadaghiani, N. S. K., & Sorkhab, M. S. (2013). The comparison of coping styles in depressed, anxious, under stress individuals and the normal ones. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 615–620. Crossref

Setiati, S., & Azwar, M. K. (2020). COVID-19 and Indonesia. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 52(1), 84–89. Retrieved from Link

Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Towfiqul Islam, A. R. M., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings: A case from Bangladesh. Heliyon, 6(5). Crossref

Simha, P., Lalander, C., Vinnerås, B., & Ganesapillai, M. (2017). Farmer attitudes and perceptions to the re–use of fertiliser products from resource–oriented sanitation systems – The case of Vellore, South India. Science of the Total Environment, 581–582, 885–896. Crossref

Smith, D. F. (1975). The functions of work. Omega, 3(4), 383–393. Crossref

Snyder, C. R. E., & Lopez, S. J. E. (2002). Handbook of positive psychology (Oxford library of psychology). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Retrieved from Link

Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., & Marmot, M. (2005). Positive affect and health-related neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(18), 6508–6512. Crossref

Syafruddin, Hariadi, S. S., & Wastutiningsih, S. P. (2013). Kinerja penyuluh pertanian berdasarkan faktor personal dan situasional. Jurnal Psikologi, 40(2), 240–257. Retrieved from Link

Varalakshmi, R., & Swetha, R. (2020). Covid-19 lock down: People psychology due to law enforcement. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102102. Crossref

Waridin. (2015). Capacity building to boost food-crop production: Case of Central Java of Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 25(2), 111–118. Crossref

World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization, pp. 1–6. Retrieved from Link

Yulianti, D., Meutia, I. F., Sujadmiko, B., & Wahyudi. (2020). Indonesia’ crisis response to COVID-19 pandemic : from various level of government and network actions to policy. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 17, 34–48. Retrieved from Link

Zariayufa, K., Ninin, R. H., & Widiastuti, T. R. (2019). Hubungan belief in afterlife dengan kecemasan terhadap kematian (Studi pada individu muslim usia 18-21 tahun). Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4(1), 84–104. Retrieved from Link

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i1.43638

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share