Author Guidelines
Last updated: 4 September 2026.
1. General Format
Article text is maximum 3,000-10,000 words for peer-reviewed papers (longer papers may be considered with the approval of the editorial board). All submissions should be in *.doc or *.docx format. If you are using Microsoft Word, you can download the [article template]. It should contain the following information:
a. Author Information
Author(s), institutional affiliation(s), country(ies), and email address(es)
b. Title, Abstract, and Keyword
Abstract and keywords should be provided in both Indonesian and English.
c. Main Text
The main text should be organized according to the nature and methodology of the article. For research articles, the main text generally includes Introduction, Theoretical Framework (if any), Methods, Results, Discussion (or Result and Discussion), and Conclusion. Authors may adapt the structure as appropriate for historical, educational, or other scholarly approaches.
d. Acknowledgements
Where applicable, authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, funding agencies, or other parties that contributed to the research or preparation of the manuscript.
e. Style and Referencing
Manuscripts should follow the writing, formatting, citation, and referencing guidelines provided below.
2. Use of Image
Images, tables and figures to be inserted in text and not at the end of the paper. Images should be high-resolution (240 dpi or above). There is no limit to the number of images that can be included in each submission. See the details below.
a. CANDI does not distinguish between photographs, images, and maps, etc., all are referred to in text as “Figure(s)”.
b. Every figure must have an attribution at the end of the caption. Usually this is in the form of “(Source: Last Name, year)”.
c. If you created the figure, then you are the copyright holder. Simply put your last name as the source and the year the image was created.
d. If the image is from a published work, such as from a book or a journal article, then you will need to provide the attribution “(Source: Last Name, year, page number)” and also cite it in the references.
e. If the image is from the internet, make sure it is in the public domain, and you will still need to provide the attribution “(Source: Last Name, year)” and also cite it in the references.
f. If your paper submission contains images, etc., you must also submit a [Figure Submission Form]. This form is a tool to provide copyright clearance.
3. Language and Spelling
Manuscripts written in Indonesian should follow the applicable Indonesian spelling and writing conventions (EYD). Articles that substantially fail to comply with these conventions may be returned to the authors for revision.
Manuscripts written in English may follow either American English or British English. Authors should use their chosen variety consistently throughout the manuscript. Pay attention to the correct grammar and spelling. Articles that substantially fail to comply with these conventions may be returned to the authors for revision.
4. References
CANDI uses the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition as its referencing style. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all sources cited in the manuscript are included in the reference list and that every work listed in the reference list is cited in the manuscript. Authors should also ensure that all bibliographic information is accurate, complete, and consistently formatted according to APA 7th edition.
The following basic principles should be observed when preparing references:
a. Author
List the author’s surname followed by the initials of the given name(s). For works with up to 20 authors, list all authors in the reference entry. For works with 21 or more authors, list the first 19 authors, followed by an ellipsis (...), and then the final author.
b. Date
The year of publication is placed in parentheses after the author’s name. For sources that include a more specific publication date, such as newspaper articles and webpages, the year, month, and day should be provided when available.
c. Title
Titles of books, reports, theses, dissertations, and other standalone works are written in sentence case and italicized. Titles of journal articles, book chapters, and other parts of a larger work are written in sentence case without italics.
d. Source Information
Depending on the type of source, include relevant information such as the publisher, journal title, volume, issue, page range, DOI, or URL.
e. DOI and URL
When available, a DOI should be included in URL format (https://doi.org/xxxxx). A DOI takes precedence over a URL. Retrieval dates are generally not required unless the content is designed to change over time.
f. Consistency
All references must follow APA 7th edition consistently throughout the manuscript.
Format and examples:
a. Book with One Author
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
• Example: Percival, J. (2020). Understanding and teaching primary history. SAGE Publications.
b. Book with Two Authors
• Format: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
• Example: Donnelly, M., & Norton, C. (2021). Doing history (2nd ed.). Routledge.
c. Book with Multiple Authors
For works with three to 20 authors, list all authors in the reference entry. For works with 21 or more authors, list the first 19 authors, insert an ellipsis (...), and then list the final author.
• Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
• Example: Cromartie, N., Kwon, K.-A., & Welch, M. (2021). Evaluating early learning in museums: Planning for our youngest visitors. Routledge.
d. Translated Book
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (A. A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)
• Example: MacGregor, N. (2017). 100 objede dünya tarihi (G. Bulut, Trans.). Pegasus Yayınları. (Original work published 2010)
e. Edited Book
• Format: Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of the book. Publisher. For two or more editors, use (Eds.).
• Example: Gosselin, V., & Livingstone, P. (Eds.). (2016). Museums and the past: Constructing historical consciousness. UBC Press.
f. Chapter in an Edited Book
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. DOI or URL
• Example: Larouche, M.-C. (2016). Using museum resources and mobile technologies to develop teens’ historical thinking: Formative evaluation of an innovative educational set-up. In V. Gosselin & P. Livingstone (Eds.), Museums and the past: Constructing historical consciousness (pp. 122-141). UBC Press. https://doi.org/10.59962/9780774830638-010
g. Reprinted Book
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year of reprint). Title of the book. Publisher. (Original work published Year)
• Example: Elton, G. R. (2002). The practice of history (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. (Original work published 1967)
h. Journal Article
• Format: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), xx-xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx
• Example 1: Miles, J., & Gibson, L. (2022). Rethinking presentism in history education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 50(4), 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2022.2115959
• Example 2: Eilam, B., Yosfan, M., Lanir, J., & Wecker, A. J. (2023). Objects’ characteristics and arrangements in a history museum: Relations to student learning and experiences. Journal of Museum Education, 48(1), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10598650.2022.2152602
i. Conference Proceedings Article
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. In A. A. Editor (Ed.), Title of proceedings (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. DOI or URL
• Example: Berzins, E. (2023). Development of the narrative competence domain of history education between 2000 and 2020. In L. Daniela (Ed.), Human, technologies and quality of education, 2023: Proceedings of scientific papers (pp. 220-229). University of Latvia. https://doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2023.16
j. Unpublished Paper Presented at a Conference
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of paper [Paper presentation]. Name of Conference, Location.
• Example: van der Vlies, T. (2023, March). Pupils and periodization: Narratives of time in history education [Paper presentation]. Periodization and Time in History: Perspectives from Germany, Europe and the Middle East, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
k. Newspaper Article
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper Name. URL
• Example: Sherwood, H. (2023, June 26). ‘Horrible’ disparity emerging in cultural education in schools, says V&A head. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/jun/26/cultural-education-disparity-schools-v-and-a-tristram-hunt
l. Magazine Article
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Magazine Name. URL
• Example: Bunch, L. G., III. (2023, October 24). How the Smithsonian is educating the next generation. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/office-of-the-secretary-of-the-smithsonian/2023/10/24/how-the-smithsonian-is-educating-the-next-generation/
m. Thesis or Dissertation
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation [Unpublished master's thesis/doctoral dissertation]. Name of Institution.
• Example: Iveson, C. (2022). Seldom is heard: Voices of the cowgirl [Master’s thesis, Fashion Institute of Technology, State University of New York]. FIT Institutional Repository. https://institutionalrepository.fitnyc.edu/item/4020
n. Webpage
• Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL. If the author and website name are the same, omit the website name to avoid repetition.
• Example: International Council of Museums. (2022, August 24). Museum definition. International Council of Museums. https://icom.museum/
o. Archival and Historical Documents
Archival and historical documents, including colonial-era reports, government records, correspondence, manuscripts, and other unpublished primary sources, should be cited with sufficient information to allow readers to identify and locate the original material. When the original document is accessed through a digital archive, authors should include the URL or persistent identifier of the digital record, when available.
• Format: Author/Creator. (Year, Month Day). Title or description of document [Archival document]. Collection or archival series, archive reference, Archive/Repository.
• Example of a document with an unidentified creator: Verslag van het kopen van goederen op Java [Archival document]. (1720, October 29). Appendices to the General Resolutions, file 1201, folio 769-770. Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
• Example of a document with an identified creator: Pakubuwono IV. (1802, August 12). [Letter from Surakarta to Batavia] [Archival document]. Diplomatic Correspondence, file 3580, folio 249-252. Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
p. YouTube Video
• Format: Author, A. A. [Username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL. For an organization, use the organization’s name as the author.
• Example: British Museum. (2023, May 4). The story of a Japanese festival float model [Video]. YouTube. https://youtube.com/live/MNf27qlFkns
Authors are required to use reference management software such as Zotero, Mendeley, or EndNote when preparing citations and reference lists. However, authors remain responsible for checking automatically generated references and ensuring that all references comply with APA 7th edition.
5. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools
We recognise that authors may use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to assist in the preparation of manuscripts, particularly in translation assistance and editorial refinement (improving grammar, style, clarity, and readability of a manuscript without altering author's ideas, arguments, or authorship). AI should not be used to generate original content, data, analyses, or references. To uphold academic integrity and transparency, any use of AI must be declared, and must comply with our policies on plagiarism and attribution.
AI tools do not meet the criteria for authorship and must not be listed as an author.
Editors and peer reviewers reserve the right to question the ethical use of AI in the preparation of the manuscripts. Undeclared or inappropriate use of AI or non-compliance with this policy will be considered a serious breach of publishing ethics and may result in manuscript rejection, retraction of a published article, and the notification of the authors’ institution.
