Induksi Kalus Gaharu dengan NAA dan BAP Secara In Vitro

Amalina Wahyuni, Benni Satria, Aprizal Zainal

Abstract

Agarwood has a high economic value because they have many benefits that cause agarwood to be hunted to meet the increasing market demand and its presence in nature is decreasing due to unwise conventional retrieval systems.The research objectives were to study the effect and determine the best concentration of NAA and BAP in callus induction of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). This research was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from October 2018 until January 2019. The leaves of Agarwood were used as explants. The method used was completely randomized design (CRD) with different combinations of NAA and BAP (1.5 + 0.5 ppm, 3.0 + 0.5 ppm, 1.5 + 1.0 ppm, and 3.0 + 1.0 ppm). Data were analyzed using the F test and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a level of 5%. The results showed that there was the effects of combination of growth regulator substances NAA and BAP on callus induction of agarwood. The concentration of NAA 3.0 ppm + BAP 0.5 ppm was the best in inducing callus with the percentage of explants life and explants form callus with 100%. The color of callus obtained varies, yellow, brownish yellow and brown. All structures callus gained in this research was compact.  Yellow callus and compact structure could be utilized for organogenesis.

Keywords

explants, growth regulator, tissue culture

Full Text:

PDF

References

Arianto, D., Basri, Z., & Bustami, M. U. (2013). Induksi kalus dua klon kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) unggul Sulawesi pada berbagai konsentrasi 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid secara in vitro. Agrotekbis, 1(3).

Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.

Fatmawati, A. (2008). Kajian Konsentrasi BAP dan 2,4-D Terhadap Induksi Kalus Tanaman Artemisia annua L. Secara In Vitro [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.

Gustian & Satria, B. (2009). Upaya Perbanyakan Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) Secara In Vitro. Laporan Penelitian Fundamental. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 41 hal.

Hartman, H. T., Kester, D. E., & Davies Jr, F. T. (1990). Plant Propagation Principles and Practices Fifth Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey.

Hayati, K., Surya, N. Y., & Setiari, N. (2010). Induksi Kalus dari Hipokotil Alfalfa (Mediago sativa L.) Secara In Vitro dengan Penambahan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) dan a-Naphtalane Acetic Acid (NAA). Bioma: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 12(1): 6 – 12.

Isnaini, Y., & Situmorang, J. (2005). Aplikasi Bioteknologi Untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) di Indonesia. Studi Kasus: Perkembangan Penelitian Gaharu di Seameo Biotrop. Perhimpunan Bioteknologi Indonesia, Malang.

Karlianda, N., Wulandari, R. S., & Yeni, M. (2012). Pengaruh NAA dan BAP Terhadap Perkembangan Subkultur Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak.

Lestari, E. G., & Purnamaningsih, R. (2001). Mikropropagasi Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina) Melalui Tunas Adventif. BioSMART 3 (2): 18 – 22.

Lizawati. (2012). Proliferasi Kalus Embriogenesis Somatik Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Dengan Berbagai Kombinasi ZPT dan Asam Amino. Bioplantae 1(4): 65-72.

Mahadi, I., Wulandari, S., & Omar, A. (2014). Pengaruh Naftalen Acetyl Acid (NAA) dan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kalus Tanaman Rosella (Hibiscus sabdriffa). Jurnal Biogenesis. 11(1): 1 – 7.

Millang, S., Bachtiar, B., & Makmur, A. (2011). Awal Pertumbuhan Pohon gaharu (Gyrinops sp.) Asal Nusa Tenggara Barat di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin. Hutan dan Masyarakat, 6(2): 117-124.

Palei, S., Rout, G. R., Das, A. K., & Dash, D. K. (2017). Callus Induction and Indirect and Indirect Regeneration of Strawberry (Fragria x Ananassa) Duch. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6 (11): 1311 – 1318.

Priyono, D., Suhandi, & Matsaleh. (2000). Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh IAA dan 2-IP pada Kultur Jaringan Bakal Buah Pisang. Jurnal Hortikultura. 10 (3): 183 – 190.

Ramanta, S. S. (2018). Induksi Kalus Tanaman Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) pada Beberapa Konsentrasi 2,4-D secara In-Vitro. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang.

Saikia, M., Shrivastava, K., & Singh, S. S., (2012a). An Efficient Protocol for Callus Induction in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Using Leaf Explants at Varied Concentration of Sucrose. International Journal of Plant Research 2 (6): 188-194.

Saikia, M., Shrivastava, K., & Singh, S. S., (2013b). Effect of Culture Media and Growth Hormones on Callus Induction in Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk., a Medicinally and Comercially Important Tree Spedies of North East India. Biological Science, 6(2): 96-105.

Satria, B., Dwipa, I., & Jamsari. (1999). Regenerasi Kalus Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Melalui Kultur In Vitro. Jurnal Stigma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas, Padang, VII (1), 56-60.

Semiadi, G., Wiriadinata, H., Waluyo, E. B. & Darnedi, D. (2010). Rantai Pasokan Produk Tumbuhan Gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) asal Merauke, Papua. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 16(2): 150-160.

Sharma, H., & Vashistha, B. D. (2015). Plant Tissue Culture: A Biological Tool for Solving The Problem of Propagation of Medicinally Important Woody Plants-A Review. Advanced Research, 3(2): 402-411.

Sumarna, Y. (2003). Budidaya Gaharu. Penebar Swadaya, Bogor.

Thomy, Z. (2012). Effect of Plant Growth Regulator 2,4-D and BAP on Callus Growth of Plants Producing Gaharu. (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Nasional Biologi. Medan 11 Mei 2012.

Tsuro, M. (1998). Comparative Effect of Different Types of Cytokinin for Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration in Leaf-derived Callus of Lavender (Lavandula vera DC). Laboratory of Plant Breeding Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University.

Wahyuni, D. K., Andriani, P., Ansori, A. N. M., & Utami, E. S. W. (2017). Callus Induction of Gendarussa (Justicia gendarussa) by Various Concentration of 2,4-D. IBA and BAP. Biosaontifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education 9(3): 402 – 408.

Yulianti, T. (2015). Induksi Kalus Beberapa Genotipe Jeruk (Citrus sp.) Menggunakan 2,4-D secara In-Vitro. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang.

Zubaidi, A., & Farida, N. (2008). Pertumbuhan Bibit Gaharu pada Beberapa Jenis Naungan. Crop Agro, 1(2): 92-97.

Zulkarnain. (2009). Kultur Jaringan Tanaman; Solusi Perbanyakan Tanaman Budidaya. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v22i1.36007