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Pengaruh Imbangan Pupuk Makro dan Mikro terhadap Ketersediaan P dan Fe serta Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) di Tanah Inceptisol
Abstract
Effects of Macro and Micronutrient Fertilizer Balance on Phosphorus and Iron Availability and Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield in Inceptisol Soil. Soil nutrient imbalance caused by the intensive application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers can reduce fertilization efficiency and disrupt nutrient equilibrium, particularly micronutrients that play essential roles in plant physiological processes. To overcome this issue, the integration of micronutrient fertilizers into a balanced fertilization strategy is required to improve nutrient availability and sustain crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of macro- and micronutrient fertilizer balance on phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) availability, as well as maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Inceptisol soil. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with nine treatments and three replications, resulting in 27 experimental plots. The treatments consisted of combinations of macronutrient fertilizers (NPK: urea, SP-36, and KCl) and micronutrient fertilizers (Fe, B, Zn, Cu, and Mo), namely: A (control); B (recommended NPK); C (¼ NPK + 5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); D (½ NPK + 5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); E (¾ NPK + 5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); F (1 NPK + 5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); G (¾ NPK + 1.25 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); H (¾ NPK + 2.5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer); and I (¾ NPK + 3.75 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer). Observed parameters included soil P and Fe availability, maize yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, and grain weight, as well as 1,000-grain weight. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the application of ¾ NPK combined with 5 L ha⁻¹ micronutrient fertilizer was the most effective treatment. This treatment significantly increased soil P and Fe availability and improved maize yield components, including ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, and 1,000-grain weight. These findings indicate that balanced fertilization is essential for optimizing nutrient availability and enhancing crop productivity in Inceptisol soils.
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