Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Angka Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun di Surakarta

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada balita. Status gizi dapat mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan angka kejadian ISPA pada balita usia 1-5 Tahun di Surakarta. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti akan meneliti hubungan antara status gizi buruk, kurang, baik, lebih, dan obesitas terhadap angka kejadian ISPA.

Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain studi case control dilakukan pada 9 September 2019 sampai 15 Oktober 2019 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi dan puskesmas di Surakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah anak berusia 1–5 tahun dengan diagnosis ISPA dan non ISPA, masing-masing sebanyak 120 sampel. Pemilihan puskesmas dilakukan dengan metode stratified random sampling. Data anak diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengolah data rekam medis dan melakukan klasifikasi status gizi dengan tabel Z-score WHO. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Odds Ratio (OR).

Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi buruk (OR = 8,63; CI 95% = 1,875–39,714), status gizi kurang (OR = 3,776; CI 95% = 1,586–8,988), dan obesitas (OR = 0,154; CI 95% = 0,032–0,736) dengan angka kejadian ISPA. Sementara, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi lebih (p=0,402) dengan angka kejadian ISPA.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi buruk, kurang, dan obesitas dengan angka kejadian ISPA pada balita di Surakarta. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi lebih dengan angka kejadian ISPA pada balita di Surakarta.

 ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the causes of death in toddler. Nutritional status can affect the incidence of ARI. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of ARI in toddler aged 1-5 years old in Surakarta. In this study, researcher will examine the relationship between poor nutritional status, malnutrition, good nutritional status, overweight, and obesity on the incidence of ARI.

Methods: An observational analytic approach with a case-control study design was conducted on 9 September 2019 to 15 October 2019 in RSUD Dr. Moewardi and community health centre in Surakarta. Subjects were children aged 1-5 years old who were diagnosed with ARI and non-ARI, each as many as 120 samples. The community health center was selected by using the stratified random sampling method. Children's data was taken by consecutive sampling method. The study was conducted by processing medical record data and classifying nutritional status with the WHO Z-score table. Data were then analyzed using the Chi Square test and Odds Ratio (OR).

Results: There is a relationship between poor nutritional status (p = 0.001; OR = 8.63; 95% CI = 1.875–39.714), malnutrition (p = 0.002; OR = 3.776; 95% CI = 1.586– 8,988), and obesity (p = 0.019; OR = 0.154; 95% CI = 0.032-0.736) with the incidence of ARI. Meanwhile, there was no relationship between overweight (p = 0.402; OR = 0.417; 95% CI = 0.097–1.8) and the incidence of ARI.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between poor nutritional status, malnutrition, and obesity with the incidence of ARI in toddler in Surakarta, and there is no relationship between overweight with the incidence of ARI in toddler in Surakarta.