Home as Multidimensional Livelihood Asset in Tidal Flood Settlement

Agus Setiawan, Agam Marsoyo

Abstract

The increasing frequency of tidal flooding has affected the sustainability of coastal settlements. In this context, the home serves not only as a place of residence but also as a key space for adaptation. However, within the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), the home is commonly positioned only as a physical capital, overlooking its broader role in livelihood systems. This study aims to identify the position of home within the SLF in tidal flood-affected settlements context, through a content analysis. The findings reveal that the home performs three interconnected roles: as a physical adaptation space, a social interaction space, and an economic production space. Through these functions, the home supports adaptation, strengthens social resilience, and enables livelihood diversification. The study argues that the home should be understood as a multidimensional livelihood asset within SLF.

Keywords

coastal settlements; home; housing adaptation; sustainable livelihood framework; tidal flood

References

Ahmed, F., Siwar, C., & Idris, N. A. H. (2011). The sustainable livelihood approach: Reduce poverty and vulnerability. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(6), 810–813. Anita, J., & Latief, H. (2013). Coastal Flooding Adaptation by Housing Adjustment in Coastal Settlements Case Studies : Muara Angke, North Jakarta and Tambak Lorok, Semarang. The Second Planocosmo Conference, (October), 1–15. Retrieved from http://megapolitan.kompas.com/ Ashley, C., & Carney, D. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods: Lessons from early experience. In Department for International Development. https://doi.org/10.18356/e6320151-en Asmal, I., Hayati, A., Suryani, S., & Nadjmi, N. (2025). Adaptive Stilt Housing and Socio-Ecological Resilience in Coastal Settlements Under Urbanization Pressure. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 11(10), 4181–4210. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-10-011 Ayele, A. B., Legesse, A., Uncha, A., & Gelaw, A. (2026). Assess Rural Households’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Natural-hazard Risks in the Sile-Sago Watershed, Southern Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 30(October 2025), 101126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101126 Bott, L. M., & Braun, B. (2019). How do households respond to coastal hazards? A framework for accommodating strategies using the example of Semarang Bay, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 37(April), 101177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101177 Chambers, R., & Conway, G. R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihood: Practical Concept for the 21st Century. IDS Discussion Paper 296. Chena, H., Zhu, T., Krotta, M., Calvo, J. F., Ganesh, S. P., & Makot, I. (2013). Measurement and evaluation of livelihood assets in sustainable forest commons governance. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 908–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.009 Cin, F. D., Fleischmann, M., Romice, O., & Costa, J. P. (2020). Climate adaptation plans in the context of coastal settlements: The case of portugal. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208559 Department for International Development. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets Introduction: Overview. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, 10. Fariz, T. R., Rizky, T. B., Holeng, V. A., Damayanti, M., & Heriyanti, A. P. (2025). Mapping household physical vulnerability to tidal floods through indicator-based scoring analysis. Spatial Review for Sustainable Development, 2(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.61511/srsd.v2i2.2025.1657 Farrington, J., Carney, D., Ashley, C., & Turton, C. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice: Early Applications of Concepts in Rural Areas. ODI Natural Resource Perspectives, 42(42), 189–200. Retrieved from http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/42.html Hadini, L. O., Aba, L., Khairisa, N. H., & Almira, N. J. (2025). Analysis of the impact and adaptation of tidal floods from coastal landscape area communities in Poasia District, Kendari City, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, Dan Praktek Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Geografi, 30(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.17977/2527-628x.1199 Hanika, I. M., Syamtar, I. A., Varlina, V., Vikaliana, R., Ahadi, M. N., & Mulyasari, F. (2025). The Faint Sound of the Coast: A Study of the Adaptation of Aru Bay Fishers to Climate Change through the Sustainable Livelihood Framework Approach. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science, 7(1), 848–862. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v7i1.5500 Islam, R., & Walkerden, G. (2022). Livelihood assets, mutual support and disaster resilience in coastal Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 78(June), 103148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103148 Khan, M. A., Imran, S. Al, & Sakai, S. (2024). Determinants of household income and livelihood sustainability of coastal regions: evidence from south-western Bangladesh. Discover Sustainability, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00396-y Koerth, J., Vafeidis, A. T., Carretero, S., Sterr, H., & Hinkel, J. (2014). A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-466 Krantz, L. (2001). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. In SIDA. Division for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.forestry.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@forestry/documents/asset/cfans_asset_202603.pdf Kuang, F., Jin, J., He, R., Ning, J., & Wan, X. (2020). Farmers’ livelihood risks, livelihood assets and adaptation strategies in Rugao City, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 264(March), 110463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110463 Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Kumari, S., Kumari, N., Kumari, S., & Mishra, P. (2023). Sustainable Livelihoods a Foundation for Rural Development Leads to Sustainability. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 18(2), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.35784/preko.3951 Lintang Ayasha, N., Nurul H, K., & Andria, M. (2024). Resiliensi Permukiman Komunal di Kampung Code Yogyakarta. Arsitektura, 22(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20961/arst.v22i1.78311 Ma, J., & Wang, M. (2023). The pathway for implementing sustainable livelihood capital among community residents within the “Three Parallel Rivers” World Natural Heritage Site. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 11(3), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2023.08.004 Marsoyo, A. (2012). Constructing Spatial Capital: Household Adaptation Strategies in Home-based Enterprises in Yogyakarta (University of Newcastle upon Tyne). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153777003.pdf Mezei, L., Güneralp, B., & Güneralp, İ. (2023). Local participation in mitigation and adaptation to coastal hazards in the U.S.: A critical review with a focus on resettlement. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95(May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103796 Morse, S., & McNamara, N. (2013). Context of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach. In Sustainable Livelihood Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6268-8_3 Mostofi Camare, H., & Lane, D. E. (2015). Adaptation analysis for environmental change in coastal communities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 51, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2015.06.003 Mridha, M. R., Islam, M. N., Sabikunnahar, S., & Rami, T. A. (2025). Challenges and Adaptive Strategies for Community Based Sustainability in Coastal Regions of Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 08(06), 4877–4888. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i6-94 Murtiaji, C., Irfani, M., Fauzi, I., Marta, A. S. D., Sukmana, C. I., & Wulandari, D. A. (2023). Methods for addressing tidal floods in coastal cities: An overview. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1224(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1224/1/012019 Nayak, P. K. (2017). Fisher communities in transition: understanding change from a livelihood perspective in Chilika Lagoon, India. Maritime Studies, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0067-3 Nef, D. P., Nef, S., & Kruetli, P. (2023). Putting people back at the center of livelihood vulnerability analysis. SN Social Sciences, 3(11), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00775-8 Qin, Z., Haili, X., Xiao, L., Luwei, D., Bojie, W., Fengqi, C., & Haiping, T. (2022). Livelihood vulnerability of pastoral households in the semiarid grasslands of northern China: Measurement and determinants. Ecological Indicators, 140(May), 109020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109020 Rahman, B., Wicaksono, N. A. B., Kannila, M., & Ridlo, M. A. (2022). Analysis of community adaptation on sinking coastal settlement in the Sriwulan, Demak Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1116(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012070 Ramadhani Maharlika, A., Prawata Hadi, S., Kismartini, & Lenty Hoya, A. (2020). Tidal flooding and coastal adaptation responses in Pekalongan City. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206027 Rasmussen, D. J., Bittermann, K., Buchanan, M. K., Kulp, S., Strauss, B. H., Kopp, R. E., & Oppenheimer, M. (2018). Extreme sea level implications of 1.5 °c, 2.0 °c, and 2.5 °c temperature stabilization targets in the 21st and 22nd centuries. Environmental Research Letters, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaac87 Rudiarto, I., Rengganis, H., Sarasadi, A., & Caesar, E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Ahmed, F., Siwar, C., & Idris, N. A. H. (2011). The sustainable livelihood approach: Reduce poverty and vulnerability. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(6), 810–813. Anita, J., & Latief, H. (2013). Coastal Flooding Adaptation by Housing Adjustment in Coastal Settlements Case Studies : Muara Angke, North Jakarta and Tambak Lorok, Semarang. The Second Planocosmo Conference, (October), 1–15. Retrieved from http://megapolitan.kompas.com/ Ashley, C., & Carney, D. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods: Lessons from early experience. In Department for International Development. https://doi.org/10.18356/e6320151-en Asmal, I., Hayati, A., Suryani, S., & Nadjmi, N. (2025). Adaptive Stilt Housing and Socio-Ecological Resilience in Coastal Settlements Under Urbanization Pressure. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 11(10), 4181–4210. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-10-011 Ayele, A. B., Legesse, A., Uncha, A., & Gelaw, A. (2026). Assess Rural Households’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Natural-hazard Risks in the Sile-Sago Watershed, Southern Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 30(October 2025), 101126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101126 Bott, L. M., & Braun, B. (2019). How do households respond to coastal hazards? A framework for accommodating strategies using the example of Semarang Bay, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 37(April), 101177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101177 Chambers, R., & Conway, G. R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihood: Practical Concept for the 21st Century. IDS Discussion Paper 296. Chena, H., Zhu, T., Krotta, M., Calvo, J. F., Ganesh, S. P., & Makot, I. (2013). Measurement and evaluation of livelihood assets in sustainable forest commons governance. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 908–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.009 Cin, F. D., Fleischmann, M., Romice, O., & Costa, J. P. (2020). Climate adaptation plans in the context of coastal settlements: The case of portugal. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208559 Department for International Development. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets Introduction: Overview. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, 10. Fariz, T. R., Rizky, T. B., Holeng, V. A., Damayanti, M., & Heriyanti, A. P. (2025). Mapping household physical vulnerability to tidal floods through indicator-based scoring analysis. Spatial Review for Sustainable Development, 2(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.61511/srsd.v2i2.2025.1657 Farrington, J., Carney, D., Ashley, C., & Turton, C. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice: Early Applications of Concepts in Rural Areas. ODI Natural Resource Perspectives, 42(42), 189–200. Retrieved from http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/42.html Hadini, L. O., Aba, L., Khairisa, N. H., & Almira, N. J. (2025). Analysis of the impact and adaptation of tidal floods from coastal landscape area communities in Poasia District, Kendari City, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, Dan Praktek Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Geografi, 30(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.17977/2527-628x.1199 Hanika, I. M., Syamtar, I. A., Varlina, V., Vikaliana, R., Ahadi, M. N., & Mulyasari, F. (2025). The Faint Sound of the Coast: A Study of the Adaptation of Aru Bay Fishers to Climate Change through the Sustainable Livelihood Framework Approach. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science, 7(1), 848–862. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v7i1.5500 Islam, R., & Walkerden, G. (2022). Livelihood assets, mutual support and disaster resilience in coastal Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 78(June), 103148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103148 Khan, M. A., Imran, S. Al, & Sakai, S. (2024). Determinants of household income and livelihood sustainability of coastal regions: evidence from south-western Bangladesh. Discover Sustainability, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00396-y Koerth, J., Vafeidis, A. T., Carretero, S., Sterr, H., & Hinkel, J. (2014). A typology of household-level adaptation to coastal flooding and its spatio-temporal patterns. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-466 Krantz, L. (2001). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction. In SIDA. Division for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.forestry.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@forestry/documents/asset/cfans_asset_202603.pdf Kuang, F., Jin, J., He, R., Ning, J., & Wan, X. (2020). Farmers’ livelihood risks, livelihood assets and adaptation strategies in Rugao City, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 264(March), 110463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110463 Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Kumari, S., Kumari, N., Kumari, S., & Mishra, P. (2023). Sustainable Livelihoods a Foundation for Rural Development Leads to Sustainability. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 18(2), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.35784/preko.3951 Lintang Ayasha, N., Nurul H, K., & Andria, M. (2024). Resiliensi Permukiman Komunal di Kampung Code Yogyakarta. Arsitektura, 22(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20961/arst.v22i1.78311 Ma, J., & Wang, M. (2023). The pathway for implementing sustainable livelihood capital among community residents within the “Three Parallel Rivers” World Natural Heritage Site. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 11(3), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2023.08.004 Marsoyo, A. (2012). Constructing Spatial Capital: Household Adaptation Strategies in Home-based Enterprises in Yogyakarta (University of Newcastle upon Tyne). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153777003.pdf Mezei, L., Güneralp, B., & Güneralp, İ. (2023). Local participation in mitigation and adaptation to coastal hazards in the U.S.: A critical review with a focus on resettlement. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95(May 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103796 Morse, S., & McNamara, N. (2013). Context of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach. In Sustainable Livelihood Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6268-8_3 Mostofi Camare, H., & Lane, D. E. (2015). Adaptation analysis for environmental change in coastal communities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 51, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2015.06.003 Mridha, M. R., Islam, M. N., Sabikunnahar, S., & Rami, T. A. (2025). Challenges and Adaptive Strategies for Community Based Sustainability in Coastal Regions of Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 08(06), 4877–4888. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i6-94 Murtiaji, C., Irfani, M., Fauzi, I., Marta, A. S. D., Sukmana, C. I., & Wulandari, D. A. (2023). Methods for addressing tidal floods in coastal cities: An overview. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1224(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1224/1/012019 Nayak, P. K. (2017). Fisher communities in transition: understanding change from a livelihood perspective in Chilika Lagoon, India. Maritime Studies, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0067-3 Nef, D. P., Nef, S., & Kruetli, P. (2023). Putting people back at the center of livelihood vulnerability analysis. SN Social Sciences, 3(11), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00775-8 Qin, Z., Haili, X., Xiao, L., Luwei, D., Bojie, W., Fengqi, C., & Haiping, T. (2022). Livelihood vulnerability of pastoral households in the semiarid grasslands of northern China: Measurement and determinants. Ecological Indicators, 140(May), 109020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109020 Rahman, B., Wicaksono, N. A. B., Kannila, M., & Ridlo, M. A. (2022). Analysis of community adaptation on sinking coastal settlement in the Sriwulan, Demak Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1116(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012070 Ramadhani Maharlika, A., Prawata Hadi, S., Kismartini, & Lenty Hoya, A. (2020). Tidal flooding and coastal adaptation responses in Pekalongan City. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206027 Rasmussen, D. J., Bittermann, K., Buchanan, M. K., Kulp, S., Strauss, B. H., Kopp, R. E., & Oppenheimer, M. (2018). Extreme sea level implications of 1.5 °c, 2.0 °c, and 2.5 °c temperature stabilization targets in the 21st and 22nd centuries. Environmental Research Letters, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaac87 Rudiarto, I., Rengganis, H., Sarasadi, A., & Caesar, E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Strategy Adaptations on Tidal Flood in the Coastal Areas of Sayung, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 448(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012090 Saragih, S., Lassa, J., & Ramli, A. (2007). Kerangka Penghidupan Berkelanjutan Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Retrieved from https://www.zef.de/uploads/tx_zefportal/Publications/2390_SL-Chapter1.pdf Scoones, I. A. N. (2021). Sustainable Livelihoods and Agrarian Change & Peasant Studies. Canada: Fernwood Publishing. Septanti, D. (2015). Functionality and Adaptability of Coastal Low Income Houses in Java Indonesia (Vol. 1). Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven. Sun, Q., Fu, C., Bai, Y., Oduor, A. M. O., & Cheng, B. (2023). Livelihood Diversification and Residents’ Welfare: Evidence from Maasai Mara National Reserve. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053859 Suntoro, A., Angelia Yusniar Marbun, A., & Adi Nugroho, P. (2025). Building Resilience: Housing Adaptation Strategies for Climate-Affected Coastal Communities in Central Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1489(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1489/1/012039 Supar, E. E., & Razak, H. (2024). Strategi Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim pada Kawasan Permukiman Berbasis Lahan Basah di Banjarmasin. Arsitektura, 22(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.20961/arst.v22i1.80016 Tuihedur Rahman, H. M., & Hickey, G. M. (2020). An analytical framework for assessing context-specific rural livelihood vulnerability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145654 Yuliastuti, N., Sariffudin, & Syafrudin. (2023). Social Vulnerability Level Appraisal at Tidal Flood Areas. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.11.2_99 Yunisvita, Muhyiddin, N. T., Hamira, & Andaiyani, S. (2025). Sustainable Livelihood and Vulnerability Context: Evidence from Mainland and Coastal Villages. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 23(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v23i1.23327

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/arst.v24i2.122577

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.