Tri Hita Karana in Indonesian Tourism Regulation: A Narrative Review

Dhefara Hersaning Djati

Abstract

This study discusses the importance of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy as a conceptual framework for reflecting tourism services in Indonesia. Although Indonesian tourism regulations have comprehensive legal and administrative standards, local wisdom has not been explicitly incorporated as a normative base in service delivery. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with the Narrative Literature Review (NLR) method. Data collection was conducted through library research and document analysis. The data obtained were 10 scientific journal articles about Tri Hita Karana (THK) and tourism services, as well as five major regulations of Indonesia concerning tourism and public services. The analysis was undertaken in the stages of identifying relevant literature, developing and critically appraising arguments, and synthesising the findings. The results indicate that the three dimensions of THK, parahyangan (human–God relationship), pawongan (human–human relationship), and palemahan (human–environment relationship) are substantially reflected in existing tourism regulations through principles of ethics and professionalism, stakeholder collaboration and protection of tourists' rights, and environmental sustainability. However, these values remain implicit and have not been systematically integrated into national tourism policies. The study argues that THK provides a holistic philosophical foundation capable of complementing formal legal frameworks by strengthening the ethical, social, cultural, and ecological dimensions of tourism governance. Integrating this local wisdom into tourism service policies would support more people-centered, environmentally sustainable, and  culturally  responsive  tourism  while  enhancing  the  long-term competitiveness of Indonesia's tourism sector.

Keywords

local wisdom; public service; sustainable tourism; tri hita karana; tourism services

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v21i2.125623

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